Walt Jennifer, Massey Patrick
LSUHSC shreveport
LSU Health
Peroneal tendon disorders are a cause of hindfoot and lateral foot pain. There are three primary disorders of the tendons; peroneal tendonitis, peroneal subluxation, and peroneal tendon tears; these conditions are a cause of lateral ankle pain and may lead to ankle instability. The peroneal tendons are in the lateral compartment of the leg and include the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles. Both receive innervation from the superficial peroneal nerve and blood supply from the peroneal artery. The peroneus brevis originates on the lateral aspect of the distal fibula and intermuscular septum and inserts onto the base of the fifth metatarsal. The peroneus longus originates at the proximal fibula and lateral tibia and inserts at the base of the first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform. The tendons occupy a common synovial sheath that runs posterior to the distal fibula, once past the fibula they each have their own synovial sheath. They run in a tunnel bordered by the superior peroneal retinaculum, the posterior fibula that has a retromalleolar groove, and the calcaneofibular ligament. Tendon relationship at the level of the ankle is the peroneus brevis anterior and medial to the peroneus longus. Sometimes anomalous anatomy can lead to a peroneal disorder such as low lying brevis muscle belly or the presence of peroneus quartus muscle. The peroneus quartus muscle most commonly runs form the peroneus brevis to the retrotrochlear eminence of the calcaneus and is associated with peroneus brevis tears, and subluxation.
腓骨肌腱疾病是后足和足外侧疼痛的一个原因。肌腱主要有三种疾病：腓骨肌腱炎、腓骨肌腱半脱位和腓骨肌腱撕裂；这些情况是外侧踝关节疼痛的原因，可能导致踝关节不稳定。腓骨肌腱位于小腿外侧间室，包括腓骨长肌和腓骨短肌。两者均接受腓浅神经的支配和腓动脉的血液供应。腓骨短肌起自腓骨远端外侧和肌间隔，止于第5跖骨基底。腓骨长肌起自腓骨近端和胫骨外侧，止于第1跖骨基底和内侧楔骨。肌腱共用一个滑膜鞘，该滑膜鞘在腓骨远端后方走行，越过腓骨后，它们各自有自己的滑膜鞘。它们在一个由腓骨上支持带、有距后沟的腓骨后方和跟腓韧带所界定的隧道内走行。在踝关节水平，肌腱的关系是腓骨短肌位于腓骨长肌的前方和内侧。有时异常解剖结构可导致腓骨疾病，如低位的腓骨短肌肌腹或第四腓骨肌的存在。第四腓骨肌最常见的走行是从腓骨短肌至跟骨的滑车后隆起，与腓骨短肌撕裂和半脱位有关。
