Major League Baseball, New York, New York, USA.
University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2019 Sep;47(11):2704-2708. doi: 10.1177/0363546519861525. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
Improved player safety is an important goal of professional baseball. Prevention of mild traumatic brain injury (concussion) is an area of emphasis because of the potential for long-term as well as short-term sequelae.
A rule change can lower the incidence of concussions and other injuries in professional baseball.
Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.
This study included a retrospective review of data entered concurrently into professional baseball's electronic medical record system. All minor and major league teams are required to use this system. All injuries are captured by creation of a new record in the system at the time of the injury. All active minor and major league players from 2011 to 2017 were included. The 30 major league clubs have 1200 roster players and play 162 games per season. The approximately 200 minor league clubs have about 7500 active players and play 56 to 144 games annually that combine for approximately 330,000 athlete-exposures per season. Before the 2014 season, Major League Baseball, in conjunction with its players association, instituted a rule limiting home plate collisions between base runners and catchers that applied to both Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball. All concussions and other injuries at home plate from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed by mechanism and player position.
From 2011 to 2013, an annual mean of 100 injuries occurred from home plate collisions in the minor and major leagues, resulting in a mean loss of 2148 days annually. After the rule change, there was a mean 55 home plate collision injuries with 936 days lost per season ( < .0001 for injuries and days lost). A mean 11 concussions attributed to these collisions occurred annually in the minor and major leagues before the rule change, as compared with 2.3 per year after ( = .0029). There were no major league concussions from these collisions after the rule change. The mean annual number of days missed because of concussions at home plate dropped from 276 before 2014 to 36 per year after 2014 ( = .0001).
This rule change was associated with significant reductions in the numbers of concussions and other injuries caused by collisions at home plate as well as significant decreases in time lost from play.
提高运动员的安全性是职业棒球的重要目标。预防轻度创伤性脑损伤（脑震荡）是一个重点关注的领域，因为它可能会导致长期和短期的后果。
规则的改变可以降低职业棒球中脑震荡和其他伤害的发生率。
队列研究；证据水平，3 级。
本研究包括对同时输入职业棒球电子病历系统的数据进行回顾性审查。所有小联盟和大联盟球队都必须使用该系统。所有的伤害都是在受伤时通过在系统中创建一个新记录来捕获的。2011 年至 2017 年期间包括所有现役小联盟和大联盟球员。30 个大联盟俱乐部拥有 1200 名在册球员，每个赛季打 162 场比赛。大约 200 个小联盟俱乐部拥有约 7500 名现役球员，每年打 56 到 144 场比赛，每年总计约 330000 名运动员参赛。在 2014 赛季之前，美国职棒大联盟与其球员协会一起实施了一项规则，限制了跑垒员和捕手之间的本垒板碰撞，该规则适用于大联盟和小联盟。2011 年至 2017 年期间，所有本垒板碰撞造成的脑震荡和其他伤害均按机制和球员位置进行了分析。
从 2011 年到 2013 年，小联盟和大联盟每年平均有 100 起本垒板碰撞造成的伤害，导致每年平均损失 2148 天。规则改变后，每个赛季有 55 起本垒板碰撞受伤，损失 936 天（伤害和损失天数的差异均<.0001）。在规则改变之前，小联盟和大联盟每年平均有 11 例脑震荡归因于这些碰撞，而之后每年有 2.3 例（=.0029）。规则改变后，大联盟不再发生这些碰撞引起的脑震荡。由于本垒板碰撞导致脑震荡而错过的平均年数从 2014 年之前的 276 天降至 2014 年之后的每年 36 天（=.0001）。
这项规则的改变与本垒板碰撞造成的脑震荡和其他伤害数量的显著减少以及因伤缺赛时间的显著减少有关。
