通过镜像凝视实验诱导自我关注：对身体意象、评价、身体关注羞耻和自尊的影响。
Experimental induction of self-focused attention via mirror gazing: Effects on body image, appraisals, body-focused shame, and self-esteem.
机构信息
School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Australia.
School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Australia.
出版信息
Body Image. 2019 Sep;30:150-158. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.07.003. Epub 2019 Jul 20.
Cognitive and behavioural models of body dysmorphic disorder posit that selective self-focused attention via mirror gazing plays a key role in the aetiology and maintenance of the disorder. However, there is little empirical support for these theoretical claims. This study aimed to induce self-focused attention via mirror gazing to examine the proposed theoretical effects on body image, distress, body-focused shame, and self-esteem. Fifty-one non-clinical participants (78.43% female) were randomly allocated to one of the two conditions: low self-focused attention (i.e., looking into a mirror placed 100 cm/ 39 in away) vs. high self-focused attention (i.e., focusing on a disliked part in a mirror placed 10 cm/ 4 in away). Following 5 min of mirror gazing, the high self-focused attention condition experienced decreased satisfaction with appearance, perceived attractiveness, and self-esteem, and increased distress about appearance, distress about disliked parts, urges to change appearance, and body-focused shame. Approaching the mirror from a distance appeared to have no effect. Findings are consistent with theories suggesting that self-focused attention and mirror behaviours might contribute to the development of body dysmorphic disorder and maintain its psychological effects.
体象障碍的认知和行为模型假设，通过镜像凝视进行选择性的自我关注在该障碍的发病机制和维持中起着关键作用。然而，这些理论观点几乎没有得到实证支持。本研究旨在通过镜像凝视来诱导自我关注，以检验对身体意象、痛苦、身体羞耻感和自尊的拟议理论影响。51 名非临床参与者（78.43%为女性）被随机分配到以下两个条件之一：低自我关注（即，在距离 100 厘米/39 英寸的镜子中观察）与高自我关注（即，在距离 10 厘米/4 英寸的镜子中关注不喜欢的部位）。在进行 5 分钟的镜像凝视后，高自我关注组的外表满意度、感知吸引力和自尊降低，对外表的痛苦、对不喜欢部位的痛苦、改变外表的冲动和身体羞耻感增加。从远处接近镜子似乎没有效果。这些发现与以下理论一致，即自我关注和镜像行为可能有助于发展体象障碍，并维持其心理影响。
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