Wakabayashi Rei, Nakahama Yusuke, Nguyen Viet, Espinoza J Luis
Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
Faculty of Medical technology, Hanoi Medical University, Ton That Tung 1, DongDa, Hanoi 100-000, Vietnam.
Microorganisms. 2019 Jul 13;7(7):199. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7070199.
Every year nearly half a million new cases of cervix cancer are diagnosed worldwide, making this malignancy the fourth commonest cancer in women. In 2018, more than 270,000 women died of cervix cancer globally with 85% of them being from developing countries. The majority of these cancers are caused by the infection with carcinogenic strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), which is also causally implicated in the development of other malignancies, including cancer of the anus, penis cancer and head and neck cancer. HPV is by far the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, however, most infected people do not develop cancer and do not even have a persistent infection. The development of highly effective HPV vaccines against most common high-risk HPV strains is a great medical achievement of the 21st century that could prevent up to 90% of cervix cancers. In this article, we review the current understanding of the balanced virus-host interaction that can lead to either virus elimination or the establishment of persistent infection and ultimately malignant transformation. We also highlight the influence of certain factors inherent to the host, including the immune status, genetic variants and the coexistence of other microbe infections and microbiome composition in the dynamic of HPV infection induced carcinogenesis.
全球每年有近50万例宫颈癌新发病例，使这种恶性肿瘤成为女性中第四大最常见的癌症。2018年，全球有超过27万名女性死于宫颈癌，其中85%来自发展中国家。这些癌症大多数是由感染致癌性人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）毒株引起的，HPV还与其他恶性肿瘤的发生有因果关系，包括肛门癌、阴茎癌和头颈癌。HPV是目前全球最常见的性传播感染，然而，大多数感染者不会患癌症，甚至不会有持续性感染。针对大多数常见高危HPV毒株研发的高效HPV疫苗是21世纪一项伟大的医学成就，可预防高达90%的宫颈癌。在本文中，我们综述了目前对平衡的病毒-宿主相互作用的理解，这种相互作用可能导致病毒清除或持续性感染的建立，并最终导致恶性转化。我们还强调了宿主固有某些因素的影响，包括免疫状态、基因变异以及其他微生物感染和微生物群组成的共存对HPV感染诱导致癌过程的影响。
