Fischer J, Stope M B, Gümbel D, Hakenberg O, Burchardt M, Dräger D L
IB GIS Internationaler Bund - Gesellschaft für interdisziplinäre Studien, Hauptstätter Straße 119-121, 70178, Stuttgart, Deutschland.
Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Deutschland.
Urologe A. 2019 Oct;58(10):1179-1184. doi: 10.1007/s00120-019-1003-5.
Religion, which is one of the most important sources of human identity, has so far hardly been taken into account in the clinic. In the largely secularized society of Germany, this has played a highly subordinate role. Currently, however, the development towards a multireligious society is emerging, which will also be reflected in everyday medical care. Disease and mortality in patients can affect different cultural-religious spheres. Although distinction between cultural and religious aspects is possible, it is not necessary for clinical practice. In the situation of oncological therapy, questions may arise which must be answered differently in the religions Christianity, Judaism and Islam and which should be taken into account when selecting therapy. The consideration of cultural-religious rules can intensify the patient's acceptance, but it can also impair it in case of disregard. Such peculiarities can be the separation into male and female spheres or the restriction of certain auxiliary substances or drugs (blood products, narcotics). Kübler-Ross's phase model is suitable for determining where cultural-religious sensitivities should be taken into account in the phases of disease and how cultural-religious offerings can benefit the course of therapy. Due to large individual, regional, cultural and confessional differences, no systematic catalogue of procedures can be provided here. However, knowledge of such differences, more sensitive interaction with patients and their families and cooperation with hospital pastors can strengthen the relationship of trust between doctor and patient and thus improve the conditions for successful oncological therapy. These aspects should not be underestimated when treating people of other faiths in Germany's secular society.
宗教作为人类身份认同的最重要来源之一，迄今为止在临床中几乎未被考虑。在德国这个高度世俗化的社会中，宗教发挥的作用极为次要。然而，目前正出现向多宗教社会发展的趋势，这也将在日常医疗护理中得到体现。患者的疾病和死亡可能会影响不同的文化宗教领域。虽然文化和宗教方面可以区分，但在临床实践中并非必需。在肿瘤治疗的情况下，可能会出现一些问题，这些问题在基督教、犹太教和伊斯兰教中有不同的答案，在选择治疗方法时应予以考虑。对文化宗教规则的考量可以增强患者的接受度，但如果忽视这些规则也可能会损害接受度。这些特殊情况可能包括男女领域的划分或对某些辅助物质或药物（血液制品、麻醉品）的限制。库伯勒 - 罗斯的阶段模型适用于确定在疾病的各个阶段应在何处考虑文化宗教敏感性，以及文化宗教方面的因素如何有益于治疗过程。由于存在巨大的个体、地区、文化和教派差异，在此无法提供系统的程序目录。然而，了解这些差异、与患者及其家属进行更敏感的互动以及与医院牧师合作，可以加强医患之间的信任关系，从而改善肿瘤治疗成功的条件。在德国世俗社会中治疗其他信仰的人时，这些方面不应被低估。
