Cognitive and Affective Psychophysiology Laboratory.
Department of Experimental Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2019 Oct;45(10):1399-1414. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000683. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
Whereas the effects of attention switches occurring within perception or memory are relatively well understood, much less is known about switches of attention between them. We discuss the methodological limitations of initial research on this topic, which was never integrated with the broader cognitive literature. On the basis of this discussion, we present here a new paradigm, in which participants performed a simple probe-to-target matching task where targets were either perceived on screen or retrieved from memory. Across successive trials, repetitions or alternations (in both directions) between these 2 conditions were created, and eventually compared with each other. In line with our prediction, derived from the assumption of a top-down control mechanism, we found a cost for switching between external and internal attention in Experiment 1. Furthermore, this switch cost was asymmetric, being substantially larger when switching from (external) perception to (internal) memory than the other way around. In Experiments 2-4, we ruled out an imbalance in practice, learning, and preparation as confounds for this asymmetry. We propose that switches of attention between internal and external information are underpinned by a supervisory attention control mechanism, and that this asymmetry can be explained in terms of priming, associative interference or memory retrieval. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
虽然在感知或记忆中发生的注意力切换的影响已经相对较好地理解，但对于注意力在它们之间的切换却知之甚少。我们讨论了关于这个主题的初步研究的方法学限制，这些研究从未与更广泛的认知文献相结合。基于这一讨论，我们在这里提出了一个新的范式，参与者在该范式中执行一个简单的探测到目标匹配任务，其中目标要么在屏幕上感知到，要么从记忆中检索到。在连续的试验中，这两种条件之间创建了重复或交替（两种方向都有），最终相互比较。根据我们从自上而下的控制机制假设中得出的预测，我们在实验 1 中发现了在外部和内部注意力之间切换的代价。此外，这种切换代价是不对称的，从（外部）感知切换到（内部）记忆的代价明显大于相反方向的代价。在实验 2-4 中，我们排除了实践、学习和准备不平衡作为这种不对称的混淆因素。我们提出，内部和外部信息之间的注意力切换是由监督注意力控制机制支持的，并且这种不对称可以根据启动、联想干扰或记忆检索来解释。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
