Ulloa-Aguirre A, Espinoza R, Damian-Matsumura P, Chappel S C
Department of Reproductive Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, SZ, D.F. Mexico City.
Hum Reprod. 1988 May;3(4):491-501. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136734.
Pituitary gonadotrophins (follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH; luteinizing hormone, LH) exist in different molecular forms within the anterior pituitary gland and serum of several non-mammalian and mammalian species, including man. The number and relative abundance of each gonadotrophin species will depend on the specific technique utilized for their isolation, the tissue source and the physiological status of the donor. Intracellular FSH and LH from glands of rodents (hamsters and rats) and primates exhibit charge heterogeneity and therefore may be separated into several forms or iso-hormones by isoelectric focusing (IEF). These FSH and LH species differ from each other not only in their isoelectric point (pI) but also in their relative abundance, receptor binding activity, biological activity and plasma half-life. Almost all gonadotrophin species isolated from pituitary extracts have also been detected in vitro and in vivo as secreted forms. Less basic rodent LH and FSH forms exhibit low receptor binding and in-vitro biological activities; a similar trend is found in LH and FSH species isolated from glands of monkeys and humans. However, these relatively acidic isohormones have longer circulatory half-lives and higher in-vivo biological activities than less negatively charged forms. The overall pattern of charge heterogeneity of gonadotrophins varies according to the specific endocrine status of the donor. Sex steroid hormones (mainly oestrogens) and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone seem to act in concert at the pituitary level to influence the physicochemical and functional characteristics of gonadotrophins and therefore their biological expression at the target cell. The effects of these factors appear to be mediated through the incorporation of specific carbohydrate residues and/or degree of terminal sugar sulphation at co-post-translational levels. The first result of these complex interactions between the gonad and the hypothalamic-pituitary unit is the production and secretion of various types of gonadotrophin molecules in proportions according with the physiological requirements of the subject at a given time, to perform specific actions upon gonadal maturation and/or function.
垂体促性腺激素（促卵泡激素，FSH；促黄体生成素，LH）在包括人类在内的几种非哺乳动物和哺乳动物的垂体前叶及血清中以不同的分子形式存在。每种促性腺激素的数量和相对丰度取决于用于分离它们的具体技术、组织来源以及供体的生理状态。来自啮齿动物（仓鼠和大鼠）及灵长类动物腺体的细胞内FSH和LH表现出电荷异质性，因此可通过等电聚焦（IEF）分离成几种形式或同工激素。这些FSH和LH种类不仅在等电点（pI）上彼此不同，而且在相对丰度、受体结合活性、生物活性和血浆半衰期方面也存在差异。几乎所有从垂体提取物中分离出的促性腺激素种类在体外和体内也都被检测为分泌形式。碱性较弱的啮齿动物LH和FSH形式表现出低受体结合和体外生物活性；从猴子和人类腺体中分离出的LH和FSH种类也发现了类似趋势。然而，这些相对酸性的同工激素比带负电荷较少的形式具有更长的循环半衰期和更高的体内生物活性。促性腺激素电荷异质性的总体模式因供体的特定内分泌状态而异。性类固醇激素（主要是雌激素）和促性腺激素释放激素似乎在垂体水平协同作用，以影响促性腺激素的物理化学和功能特性，从而影响它们在靶细胞上的生物学表达。这些因素的作用似乎是通过在翻译后水平掺入特定的碳水化合物残基和/或末端糖硫酸化程度来介导的。性腺与下丘脑 - 垂体单位之间这些复杂相互作用的第一个结果是根据受试者在给定时间的生理需求，按比例产生和分泌各种类型的促性腺激素分子，以对性腺成熟和/或功能执行特定作用。
