Department of Environmental Technologies, INMAR-Marine Research Institute, University of Cádiz, Campus Universitario Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
Department of Environmental Technologies, INMAR-Marine Research Institute, University of Cádiz, Campus Universitario Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Universidad Técnica del Norte, Facultad en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Ibarra, Ecuador.
Water Res. 2019 Oct 15;163:114866. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114866. Epub 2019 Jul 15.
Over the years, industrial activities that generate high salinity effluents have been intensifying; this has relevant potential for causing organic and microbiological pollution which damages both human and ocean health. The development of new regulations, such as ballast water convention, encourage the development of treatment systems that can be feasible for treating seawater effluents. Accordingly, an approach based on the UV activation of persulfate salts has been assessed. In this scenario, two different persulfate sources (SO and HSO) were evaluated under UV-C irradiation for disinfection purposes. An optimization process was performed with low chemical doses (<1 mM). In order to extensively examine the applicability on seawater, different water matrices were tested as well as different microorganisms including both fecal and marine bacteria. An enhancement of UV-inactivation with the addition of persulfate salts was achieved in all cases, kinetic rate constant has been accelerated by up to 79% in seawater. It implies a UV-dose saving up to 45% to achieve 4-log reductions. Best efficiencies were obtained with [HSO] = 0.005 mM and [SO] = 0.5 mM. Higher effectiveness was obtained with the use of HSO due to its low stability and interaction with chloride. Also, different responses were obtained according to the specific microorganisms by achieving faster disinfection in Gram-negative than in Gram-positive bacteria, the sensitivity observed was Vibrio spp. > E. coli > E. faecalis ≈ Marine Heterotrophic Bacteria. With an evaluation of regrowth after treatment, greater cell damage was detected with the addition of persulfate salts. The major ability of regrowth for marine bacteria encourages the use of a residual disinfectant after disinfection processes.
多年来，产生高盐度废水的工业活动日益加剧；这可能对人类和海洋健康造成有机和微生物污染。新法规（如压载水公约）的制定鼓励开发可行的海水处理系统。因此，评估了一种基于过硫酸盐盐的 UV 激活方法。在此情况下，在 UV-C 辐照下评估了两种不同的过硫酸盐源（SO 和 HSO）用于消毒目的。通过低化学剂量（<1mM）进行了优化过程。为了广泛考察在海水中的适用性，测试了不同的水基质以及包括粪便和海洋细菌在内的不同微生物。在所有情况下，通过添加过硫酸盐盐均可增强 UV 灭活效果，在海水中的动力学速率常数提高了高达 79%。这意味着达到 4 对数减少所需的 UV 剂量可节省高达 45%。当 [HSO]为 0.005 mM 和 [SO]为 0.5 mM 时，可获得最佳效率。由于其低稳定性和与氯离子的相互作用，使用 HSO 可获得更高的效率。此外，根据特定微生物的不同，可获得更快的革兰氏阴性菌比革兰氏阳性菌的消毒效果，观察到的敏感性为弧菌属>大肠杆菌>粪肠球菌≈海洋异养细菌。处理后进行再生评估时，添加过硫酸盐盐可检测到更大的细胞损伤。海洋细菌的主要再生能力鼓励在消毒后使用残留消毒剂。
