State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Oct;253:759-767. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.076. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
Despite high production and usage of parabens and bisphenols, little is known about their spatiotemporal distribution in the marine environment. In this study, we determined the concentrations of several parabens and their metabolites as well as bisphenol analogues in sediment collected from coastal areas of northern China. All sediment samples, including surface sediment and sediment cores, contained at least one of the parabens analyzed, and the total concentrations of parabens (ΣPBs; sum of six parabens) ranged from 1.37 to 24.2 ng/g dw (geometric mean: 3.30-6.09 g/g dw), which was comparable to or slightly higher than those found for the total concentrations of five detectable bisphenols (ΣBPAs; geometric mean: 2.18-4.61 ng/g dw). 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, a common metabolite of parabens, was found in all samples at concentrations in the range of 6.85-437 ng/g dw, which was one order of magnitude lower than those found for benzoic acid. Methyl-, ethyl-, and propyl-parabens were the predominant paraben analogues, collectively accounting for >88% of ΣPBs. Bisphenol A and bisphenol F were the two major bisphenols, collectively accounting for >86% of ΣBPAs. We also examined vertical profiles in concentrations of target analytes in sediment cores. The sediment core from the Shandong Peninsula showed a gradual increase in the concentrations of several parent and metabolic parabens as well as bisphenols during the past decade. Relatively higher concentrations of parabens and bisphenols were found in sediment cores collected from industrialized areas. Significant positive correlations were found among the concentrations of parabens in sediment, which suggested the existence of similar sources for these compounds. Overall, our findings suggest that the Bohai Sea coast is moderately contaminated with parabens and bisphenols in comparison to other coastal areas in China or elsewhere.
尽管对防腐剂和双酚的产量和使用量很高，但对它们在海洋环境中的时空分布却知之甚少。在本研究中，我们测定了中国北方沿海地区采集的沉积物中几种防腐剂及其代谢物和双酚类似物的浓度。所有的沉积物样品，包括表层沉积物和沉积物芯，都至少含有一种分析的防腐剂，并且防腐剂的总浓度（ΣPBs；六种防腐剂的总和）范围为 1.37 至 24.2ng/g dw（几何平均值：3.30-6.09ng/g dw），与五种可检测到的双酚总浓度（ΣBPAs；几何平均值：2.18-4.61ng/g dw）相当或略高。4-羟基苯甲酸是防腐剂的常见代谢物，在所有样品中浓度范围为 6.85-437ng/g dw，比苯甲酸低一个数量级。甲基、乙基和丙基-对羟基苯甲酸酯是主要的防腐剂类似物，共占ΣPBs 的>88%。双酚 A 和双酚 F 是两种主要的双酚，共占ΣBPAs 的>86%。我们还检查了沉积物芯中目标分析物浓度的垂直分布。山东半岛的沉积物芯在过去十年中，几种母体和代谢性防腐剂以及双酚的浓度逐渐增加。在工业化地区采集的沉积物芯中，发现了相对较高浓度的防腐剂和双酚。在沉积物中发现了防腐剂之间存在显著的正相关关系，这表明这些化合物存在类似的来源。总的来说，与中国其他沿海地区或其他地区相比，渤海沿岸地区受到防腐剂和双酚的中度污染。
