Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology, Germany.
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University, Germany.
Waste Manag Res. 2019 Oct;37(10):1033-1042. doi: 10.1177/0734242X19862603. Epub 2019 Jul 26.
The market for products containing engineered nanomaterial (ENM) is constantly expanding. At the end of their lifecycle, a significant fraction of the products will be disposed as ENM-containing waste in thermal treatment plants. Up to now there are still uncertainties on the fate and behaviour of ENM during waste incineration. In our investigations, nano titanium dioxide (nTiO) was selected as an example for ENM, because of its high amount in consumer products and its relevance to the ENM-containing waste stream. Two test series were conducted at the municipal solid waste incineration plant "Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Schweinfurt". For each test series, background concentrations of titanium were measured first. Samples of bottom ash, bottom ash extractor water, fly ash (boiler ash, cyclone ash), flue gas cleaning products (spray absorber ash, fabric filter ash) and washing water from the wet scrubber were taken in order to determine the fate of nTiO. The flue gas was sampled at three points: after boiler, after cyclone and before stack. The experiments showed that most of the used reference material was located in the solid residues (i.e. bottom ash) while a smaller part was detected in the products of the flue gas cleaning. In the purified flue gas before the stack, the concentration was negligible. The flue gas cleaning system at the Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Schweinfurt complies with the requirements of the best available techniques and the results cannot be transferred to plants with lower standards.
含有工程纳米材料（ENM）的产品市场不断扩大。在其生命周期结束时，相当一部分产品将作为含有 ENM 的废物在热处理厂进行处理。到目前为止，在废物焚烧过程中 ENM 的命运和行为仍然存在不确定性。在我们的研究中，纳米二氧化钛（nTiO）被选为 ENM 的一个例子，因为它在消费品中的含量很高，并且与含有 ENM 的废物流有关。在市政固体废物焚烧厂“Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Schweinfurt”进行了两个测试系列。对于每个测试系列，首先测量了钛的背景浓度。采集了底灰、底灰提取器水、飞灰（锅炉灰、旋风灰）、烟道气清洁产品（喷雾吸收器灰、织物过滤器灰）和湿式洗涤器的洗涤水，以确定 nTiO 的去向。烟道气在三个点进行采样：锅炉后、旋风后和烟囱前。实验表明，大部分使用的参考材料位于固体残留物（即底灰）中，而一小部分在烟道气清洁产品中检测到。在烟囱前的净化烟道气中，浓度可以忽略不计。Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Schweinfurt 的烟道气清洁系统符合最佳可用技术的要求，并且结果不能转移到标准较低的工厂。
