Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China.
State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Biol Reprod. 2019 Nov 21;101(5):878-881. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioz143.
Oocyte meiotic maturation is a vital and final process in oogenesis. Unlike somatic cells， the oocyte needs to undergo two continuous meiotic divisions (meiosis I and meiosis II) to become a haploid gamete. Notably, oocyte meiotic progression includes two rounds of unique meiotic arrest and resumption. The first arrest occurs at the G2 (germinal vesicle) stage and meiosis resumption is stimulated by a gonadotropin surge; the second arrest takes place at the metaphase II stage, the stage from which it is released when fertilization takes place. The maturation-promoting factor, which consists of cyclin B1 (CCNB1) and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), is responsible for regulating meiotic resumption and progression, while CDK1 is the unique CDK that acts as the catalytic subunit of maturation-promoting factor. Recent studies showed that except for cyclin B1, multiple cyclins interact with CDK1 to form complexes, which are involved in the regulation of meiotic progression at different stages. Here, we review and discuss the control of oocyte meiotic progression by cyclins A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, and O.
卵母细胞减数分裂成熟是卵子发生过程中的一个重要且最终的过程。与体细胞不同，卵母细胞需要经历两次连续的减数分裂（减数分裂 I 和减数分裂 II）才能成为单倍体配子。值得注意的是，卵母细胞减数分裂进程包括两轮独特的减数分裂阻滞和恢复。第一次阻滞发生在 G2（生发泡）期，促性腺激素激增刺激减数分裂恢复；第二次阻滞发生在中期 II 期，当受精发生时，卵母细胞从该期释放。促成熟因子由细胞周期蛋白 B1（CCNB1）和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 1（CDK1）组成，负责调节减数分裂的恢复和进程，而 CDK1 是作为促成熟因子催化亚基发挥作用的唯一 CDK。最近的研究表明，除了细胞周期蛋白 B1 外，多种细胞周期蛋白与 CDK1 相互作用形成复合物，参与调节不同阶段的减数分裂进程。在这里，我们综述并讨论了细胞周期蛋白 A1、A2、B1、B2、B3 和 O 对卵母细胞减数分裂进程的控制。
