Grupo de Investigación CLINURSID y Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, España. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, España.
Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Reino Unido.
Emergencias. 2019;31(4):270-280.
This narrative review discusses the evidence relevant to key aspects of drowning, which is defined by the World Health Organization as the process of respiratory difficulty caused by submersion/immersion in liquid. The length of time the victim is submerged is a key factor in survival and neurologic damage. Although respiratory distress and hypoxia are the main events, other complications affecting various systems and organs may develop. Drowning is one of the main causes of accidental death worldwide, yet deaths from drowning are underestimated and morbidity is unknown. Prevention is essential for reducing both mortality and morbidity, but if prevention fails, the speed of access to and the quality of prehospital and hospital care will determine the prognosis. It is therefore essential to understand the factors and mechanisms involved in these emergencies.
这篇叙述性评论讨论了与溺水相关的关键方面的证据，世界卫生组织将溺水定义为因液体淹没/浸入而导致呼吸困难的过程。受害者被淹没的时间长短是生存和神经损伤的关键因素。尽管呼吸窘迫和缺氧是主要事件，但可能会出现影响各种系统和器官的其他并发症。溺水是全球意外死亡的主要原因之一，但溺水死亡人数被低估，发病情况未知。预防对于降低死亡率和发病率至关重要，但是如果预防失败，获得急救和医院治疗的速度以及治疗质量将决定预后。因此，了解这些紧急情况涉及的因素和机制至关重要。
