Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment , Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , 210037 , China.
Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis , Beijing , 100089 , China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Aug 20;53(16):9845-9854. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02523. Epub 2019 Aug 8.
Identifying the key chemical compounds and source contributions in ambient particles associated with the burden of cardiopulmonary disease is important to develop cost-effective air pollution mitigating strategies that maximize the protection of public health. To help address this need, we examined 109 daily ambient fine particulate matter samples (PM) that were collected in Beijing in one year. The samples were analyzed for chemical composition including organic and elemental carbons, metals, ions, as well as organic molecular markers. In addition, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by exposing lung epithelial cells (A549) to water extracts of PM samples. Single pollutant and constituent-PM joint linear models were used to estimate the associations. Higher PM mass and measured chemical components were found in cold seasons than in warm seasons due to the greater contributions of secondary inorganic sources, biomass burning, and coal combustion. Water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) had the strongest associations with levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to PM mass and other chemical species in both the one and constituent-PM joint linear models. Our study is the first to highlight that ambient WSON from diverse sources dominates the inflammatory potential of lung epithelial cells.
识别与心肺疾病负担相关的环境颗粒物中关键化学化合物和来源贡献对于制定具有成本效益的空气污染缓解策略以最大程度地保护公众健康非常重要。为了满足这一需求，我们研究了在北京一年内收集的 109 个日常环境细颗粒物（PM）样本。这些样本的化学成分包括有机碳和元素碳、金属、离子以及有机分子标志物都进行了分析。此外，还通过将肺上皮细胞（A549）暴露于 PM 样本的水提取物来测量促炎细胞因子、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的分泌。使用单污染物和成分-PM 联合线性模型来估计关联。由于二次无机源、生物质燃烧和煤炭燃烧的贡献更大，冬季的 PM 质量和测量的化学成分高于夏季。与 PM 质量和成分-PM 联合线性模型中的其他化学物质相比，水溶性有机氮（WSON）与促炎细胞因子水平的关联最强。我们的研究首次强调，来自不同来源的环境 WSON 主导着肺上皮细胞的炎症潜力。
