Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 5V6, Canada.
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 5V6, Canada.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Oct 1;247:849-866. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.053. Epub 2019 Jul 23.
The review encompasses the development of municipal wastewater treatment process using MBBR from early stages, established application, and recent advancements. An overview of main drivers leading to the MBBR technology development over its early stage is discussed. Biocarriers types and features together with biofilm development and role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are presented, ultimately, addressing the challenge in decreasing startup time required for full operation. Furthermore, the review investigates the state of the art of MBBR technology for nutrient removal (i.e., COD and BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus) through process functionality and configuration of established (e.g., IFAS) and under development (e.g. PN/A) applications. Reactor operational characteristics such as filling fractions, mixing properties, dissolved oxygen requirements, and loading rates are presented and related to full scale examples. Current literature discussing the most recent studies on MBBR capability in reduction and removal of chemicals of emerging concern (CEC) released is presented. Ultimately, high rate carbon and nitrogen removal through A/B stage process are examined in its main operational parameters and its application towards energy neutrality suggesting novel MBBR application to further reduce energy requirements and plant footprint.
该综述涵盖了 MBBR 在市政废水处理中的发展过程，包括早期阶段的建立应用和最近的进展。讨论了导致 MBBR 技术在早期发展的主要驱动力概述。介绍了生物载体的类型和特点，以及生物膜的发展和细胞外聚合物物质（EPS）的作用，最终解决了完全运行所需的启动时间缩短的挑战。此外，该综述通过已建立（例如 IFAS）和正在开发（例如 PN/A）应用的工艺功能和配置，研究了 MBBR 技术在去除营养物（即 COD 和 BOD、氮和磷）方面的最新进展。介绍了反应器操作特性，如填充分数、混合特性、溶解氧需求和负荷率，并与全尺寸实例相关联。目前的文献讨论了关于 MBBR 减少和去除新兴关注化学物质（CEC）释放的最新研究。最终，通过 A/B 阶段工艺考察了高碳和氮去除率的主要操作参数及其在能源中性方面的应用，表明新型 MBBR 应用可进一步降低能源需求和工厂占地面积。
