A randomized trial of ultrasound-guided peripheral IV catheter placement in difficult access patients using a guidewire approach.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate whether use of a guidewire improves successful placement of ultrasound-guided peripheral IVs (PIV) in difficult intravenous access patients in the emergency department (ED).

METHODS

This was an unblinded, prospective, randomized trial performed by emergency medicine (EM) clinicians at a single academic ED. Eligible participants were randomized to ultrasound-guided PIV placement with or without the use of a guidewire. PIV access was obtained using the Accucath™ 20 gauge × 5.7 cm catheters by way of deployment or non-deployment of the guidewire. Primary outcome measure was first-pass success rate and secondary outcomes included number of attempts, complication rates, and clinician reported ease of insertion.

RESULTS

Seventy patients were enrolled and 69 were included in the final analysis. Thirty-four participants were randomized to use of guidewire and 35 to no guidewire. First-pass success rates were similar with and without guidewire use, 47.1% vs. 45.7%, (p = 0.9). There were no differences found in median number of attempts between the two techniques, 2 (IQR 1-2) vs 2 (IQR 1-2), (p = 0.60). The complication rates were similar, 15% vs. 29% (p = 0.25). Clinicians reported no difference in ease of insertion between methods on a 5-point Likert Scale, mean 2.6 vs 2.7 (p = 0.76).

DISCUSSION

In this pilot study comparing ultrasound-guided PIV placement in ED patients using an integrated guidewire versus no guidewire, there was no significant difference in first-pass success, number of attempts, or complication rates. This study provides preliminary data for further investigations.