Tangney Jacob, Scholp Austin, Kang Jing, Raj Hayley, Jiang Jack J
Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
J Voice. 2021 Jan;35(1):85-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.07.001. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Straw phonation, a well-established method of vocal exercise, started over 100 years ago. However, some of the most basic questions about best practices remain including the ideal extension length and the ideal restriction (semiocclusion) diameter. This study aims to help answer these questions by looking at both separately, with all other variables controlled.
Four (4) straws with lengths of 5, 25, 50, and 75 centimeters and 4 restrictions with diameters of 3, 9, 15, and 21 mm were tested, separately. They were attached to the end of a simulated vocal tract which was then affixed to an excised canine larynx. Airflow was increased until the larynges achieved self-sustained phonation then aerodynamic, acoustic, and electroglottographic data were collected.
There was a significant decrease in the phonation threshold pressure using the 5 and 25 cm straw lengths and the 9 and 15 mm restrictions. The phonation threshold flow and contact quotient saw insignificant changes, except in the case of the 3 mm restriction.
It is theorized that the increased inertive reactance helps to decrease phonation threshold pressure. By controlling for all other variables, the effects of the length or diameter of the straw can be analyzed in isolation. These results narrow the significant range of lengths and diameters used in straw phonation.
目的/背景：吸管发声法是一种成熟的发声练习方法，始于100多年前。然而，关于最佳实践的一些最基本问题仍然存在，包括理想的延伸长度和理想的限制（半阻塞）直径。本研究旨在通过分别研究这两个因素，同时控制所有其他变量，来帮助回答这些问题。
分别测试了4根长度为5厘米、25厘米、50厘米和75厘米的吸管，以及4个直径为3毫米、9毫米、15毫米和21毫米的限制装置。它们被连接到模拟声道的末端，然后固定在切除的犬类喉部。增加气流，直到喉部实现自持发声，然后收集空气动力学、声学和电声门图数据。
使用5厘米和25厘米的吸管长度以及9毫米和15毫米的限制装置时，发声阈压显著降低。发声阈流和接触商除了在3毫米限制装置的情况下变化不显著。
理论上，惯性电抗的增加有助于降低发声阈压。通过控制所有其他变量，可以单独分析吸管长度或直径的影响。这些结果缩小了吸管发声法中使用的长度和直径的有效范围。
