Kaptay George
Department Nanotechnology , University of Miskolc , Egyetemvaros , Miskolc 3515 , Hungary.
Department Materials Development , BAY-ENG , 2 Igloi , Miskolc 3519 , Hungary.
Langmuir. 2019 Aug 20;35(33):10987-10992. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01892. Epub 2019 Aug 12.
The Butler equation was published in 1932 to describe the equilibrium surface composition and equilibrium surface tension of solutions. Unfortunately, it used the so-called "partial surface tension of a component", which was not properly defined by Butler, leading to a reluctant acceptance of this equation. Although the present author defined the partial surface tension recently in this journal, it is considered an advantage to derive the same key equations of Butler without the need to employ the concept of partial surface tension. This derivation is offered in the present paper, starting from the two fundamental equations of Gibbs. No assumptions are made on the thickness and structure of the surface region, it is only supposed that the surface region has an average composition with a negligible concentration gradient. In this way, the Butler equations are obtained, which have more general validity compared to the original Butler equations derived by supposing a surface monolayer.
巴特勒方程于1932年发表，用于描述溶液的平衡表面组成和平衡表面张力。不幸的是，它使用了所谓的“组分的偏表面张力”，而巴特勒并未对其进行恰当定义，这导致该方程不太被人接受。尽管作者最近在本期刊中对偏表面张力进行了定义，但无需使用偏表面张力的概念来推导巴特勒的相同关键方程被认为是一种优势。本文从吉布斯的两个基本方程出发进行了这种推导。对于表面区域的厚度和结构未作任何假设，仅假定表面区域具有平均组成且浓度梯度可忽略不计。通过这种方式得到了巴特勒方程，与通过假设表面单分子层推导出来的原始巴特勒方程相比，其有效性更具普遍性。
