Duke University Injury Biomechanics Laboratory, United States.
Duke University Injury Biomechanics Laboratory, United States.
J Biomech. 2019 Aug 27;93:167-176. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.06.027. Epub 2019 Jul 10.
The study of pediatric head injury relies heavily on the use of finite element models and child anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). However, these tools, in the context of pediatric head injury, have yet to be validated due to a paucity of pediatric head response data. The goal of this study is to investigate the response and injury tolerance of the pediatric head to impact. Twelve pediatric heads were impacted in a series of drop tests. The heads were dropped onto five impact locations (forehead, occiput, vertex and right and left parietal) from drop heights of 15 and 30 cm. The head could freely fall without rotation onto a flat 19 mm thick platen. The impact force was measured using a 3-axis piezoelectric load cell attached to the platen. Age and drop height were found to be significant factors in the impact response of the pediatric head. The head acceleration (14%-15 cm; 103-30 cm), Head Injury Criterion (HIC) (253%-15 cm; 154%-30 cm) and impact stiffness (5800%-15 cm; 3755%-30 cm) when averaged across all impact locations increased with age from 33 weeks gestation to 16 years, while the pulse duration (66%-15 cm; 53%-30 cm) decreased with age. Increases in head acceleration, HIC and impact stiffness were also observed with increased drop height, while pulse duration decreased with increased drop height. One important observation was that three of the four cadaveric heads between the ages of 5-months and 22-months sustained fractures from the 15 cm and 30 cm drop heights. The 5-month-old sustained a right parietal linear fracture while the 11- and 22-month-old sustained diastatic linear fractures.
小儿头部损伤的研究主要依赖于有限元模型和儿童仿人测试设备（ATD）的使用。然而，由于小儿头部反应数据的缺乏，这些工具在小儿头部损伤方面尚未得到验证。本研究的目的是研究小儿头部对冲击的反应和耐受伤度。对 12 个小儿头部进行了一系列跌落测试。将头部从 15 和 30cm 的高度分别撞击在额头、枕骨、头顶和左右顶骨五个撞击位置。头部可以无旋转地自由落在 19mm 厚的平板上。冲击力使用附在平板上的三轴压电式测力传感器进行测量。发现年龄和跌落高度是小儿头部冲击响应的重要因素。平均所有撞击位置的头部加速度（14%-15cm；103-30cm）、头部损伤准则（HIC）（253%-15cm；154%-30cm）和冲击刚度（5800%-15cm；3755%-30cm）随着年龄从 33 周妊娠增加到 16 岁而增加，而脉冲持续时间（66%-15cm；53%-30cm）随着年龄的增加而减少。随着跌落高度的增加，头部加速度、HIC 和冲击刚度也增加，而脉冲持续时间随着跌落高度的增加而减少。一个重要的观察结果是，在 5 个月至 22 个月之间的四个尸体头部中的三个在 15cm 和 30cm 的跌落高度下发生了骨折。5 个月大的孩子发生了右侧顶骨线性骨折，而 11 个月大和 22 个月大的孩子发生了分离性线性骨折。
