Buning E C, van Brussel G H, van Santen G
Drug Department GG & GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
NIDA Res Monogr. 1988;80:59-74.
In summary, it can be stated that Amsterdam has a wide variety of helping modalities. Approximately 70 percent of the city's 7,000 drug addicts are in contact with this helping system. In The Netherlands, no evidence could be found to support the fear that low-threshold methadone programs keep addicts away from drug-free treatment. Figure 1 shows that the number of addicts entering drug-free treatment doubled in the period 1981-85 (most popular has been the drug-free aftercare). This is even more striking since the estimated number of addicts did not increase in that same period. So, instead of keeping addicts away from treatment, low-threshold programs and outreach activities may have been effective tools in motivating addicts to enter drug-free treatment. Figure 2 shows the rise of the mean age of drug addicts, while figure 3 indicates that the percentage of addicts under 22 years decreases (14.4 percent in 1981 and 5.1 percent in 1986). Since the total number of addicts is quite stable, this may suggest that heroin is becoming less attractive to young people.
总之，可以说阿姆斯特丹有各种各样的帮助模式。该市7000名吸毒者中约有70%与这个帮助系统有接触。在荷兰，没有证据支持这样一种担忧，即低门槛美沙酮项目会使吸毒者远离戒毒治疗。图1显示，1981年至1985年期间进入戒毒治疗的吸毒者人数翻了一番（最受欢迎的是戒毒后护理）。这一点更加引人注目，因为同期估计的吸毒者人数并未增加。因此，低门槛项目和外展活动非但没有使吸毒者远离治疗，反而可能是促使吸毒者进入戒毒治疗的有效工具。图2显示了吸毒者平均年龄的上升，而图3表明22岁以下吸毒者的比例下降（1981年为14.4%，1986年为5.1%）。由于吸毒者总数相当稳定，这可能表明海洛因对年轻人的吸引力正在降低。
