The Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Sep;26(27):28092-28105. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05996-0. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
In the study, the nexus among energy consumption, foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth, and trade openness is examined by newly developed Fourier ADL (2017) and ARDL tests cover the period 1980-2015 in Turkey. Findings indicated that energy consumption, FDI, economic growth, and trade openness are cointegrated. In addition, it is determined that an increase in economic growth and trade openness positively affects energy consumption both in the long-term and short-term but FDI has only a positive effect in the long-term. VECM causality results indicated that FDI, economic growth, and trade openness are the causes of energy consumption in the long-term. In this context, Turkish policymakers should change the composition of FDI through various incentive policies to provide energy efficiency. FDI inflows should be shifted from sectors using dirty technology to clean technologies such as the information technology and services sector. In addition, increasing FDI that included green technology and renewable energy sources may promote energy efficiency in Turkey.
在这项研究中，通过新开发的 Fourier ADL（2017）和 ARDL 检验，考察了 1980 年至 2015 年期间土耳其能源消耗、外国直接投资（FDI）、经济增长和贸易开放之间的关系。研究结果表明，能源消耗、FDI、经济增长和贸易开放是相互关联的。此外，研究还发现，经济增长和贸易开放在长期和短期都对能源消耗产生积极影响，但 FDI 仅在长期内产生积极影响。VECM 因果关系结果表明，FDI、经济增长和贸易开放是长期能源消耗的原因。在这方面，土耳其政策制定者应该通过各种激励政策改变 FDI 的构成，以提高能源效率。应该将污染技术使用较多的 FDI 转移到信息技术和服务业等清洁技术领域。此外，增加包括绿色技术和可再生能源在内的 FDI 可能会促进土耳其的能源效率。
