J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2020 May/Jun;35(3):E1-E8. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000594.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors for CVD are prevalent among Appalachians from Kentucky. Appalachian men and women have high rates of engagement in unhealthy behaviors and poor physical health measures that increase their risk for CVD.
In this study, the relationship among gender, CVD risk factors, and health perception in Appalachians from Kentucky was explored.
This cross-sectional secondary analysis is from a randomized controlled trial on CVD health in rural Kentucky. To assess gender differences in smoking history, χ was used. Independent t tests compared the mean between participants 50 years or younger and those older than 50 years with differences in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol, and physical activity. A multivariate linear regression analysis assessed variables predicting the outcome of health perception.
Most participants had a mean BMI of 33 kg/m and 94.3% of men used smokeless tobacco compared to 5.7% of the women. Differences existed between gender and current, ever, or never smoked (P < .001). Women had higher total cholesterol levels but men had higher waist circumference. Participants older than 50 years had higher engagement in physical activity than did those 50 years or younger. Higher BMI and hemoglobin A1C level were significant predictors of worse health perception (P ≤ .05). For every unit increase in the physical activity scale, there was a 0.2-unit improvement in health perception (P ≤ .001).
Appalachians from Kentucky have many CVD risk factors. Minimal engagement in preventative measures against CVD can worsen patient outcomes.
心血管疾病（CVD）及其危险因素在肯塔基州的阿巴拉契亚人中很常见。阿巴拉契亚男性和女性的不良行为和身体不健康的发生率很高，这增加了他们患 CVD 的风险。
本研究探讨了肯塔基州阿巴拉契亚人的性别、CVD 危险因素和健康感知之间的关系。
这是一项在肯塔基州农村进行的 CVD 健康随机对照试验的横断面二次分析。使用 χ²检验评估性别在吸烟史方面的差异。独立 t 检验比较了 50 岁及以下和 50 岁以上参与者在体重指数（BMI）、腰围、收缩压和舒张压、血红蛋白 A1C、总胆固醇和身体活动方面的平均值差异。多元线性回归分析评估了预测健康感知结果的变量。
大多数参与者的平均 BMI 为 33kg/m，94.3%的男性使用无烟烟草，而女性中只有 5.7%使用。性别与当前、曾经或从不吸烟存在差异（P<.001）。女性的总胆固醇水平较高，但男性的腰围较大。50 岁以上的参与者比 50 岁或以下的参与者更积极地参与身体活动。较高的 BMI 和血红蛋白 A1C 水平是健康感知较差的显著预测因素（P≤.05）。身体活动量表每增加一个单位，健康感知就会提高 0.2 个单位（P≤.001）。
肯塔基州的阿巴拉契亚人有许多 CVD 危险因素。对 CVD 预防措施的参与度较低可能会导致患者预后恶化。
