[Clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance features of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients complicating with left ventricular apical aneurysm].

To evaluate the clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) features of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) patients complicating with left ventricular apical aneurysm (LVAA). CMR confirmed 25 ApHCM patients complicating with LVAA from January 2010 to December 2017 in Fuwai hospital were included in this study, and the baseline clinical data and CMR characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. There were 14 pure ApHCM (hypertrophy limited at the apical segments) complicating with LVAA patients and 11 mixed ApHCM (predominantly apical hypertrophy along with thickening of contiguous non-apical left ventricular region) with LVAA patients. In this patient cohort,age of 84% (21/25) patients ranged between 20-70 years old, and 68% (17/25) were male. There were 68% (17/25) patients with complaint of chest distress symptom, 56% (14/25) with complaint of chest pain, 32% (8/25) with complaint of palpitation,16% (4/25) with complaint of dyspnea, and 12% (3/25) presented as syncope. ST-T segment changes of electrocardiogram were observed in all patients, and giant negative T waves were detected in 80% patients (20/25). The rate of missed diagnosis by echocardiography for detecting ApHCM and LVAA was 16% (4/25) and 68% (17/25), respectively. CMR showed discrete thin-walled dyskinetic or akinetic segment of the most distal portion of the left ventricular chamber in ApHCM patients with LVAA. Transmural late gadolinium enhancement of the aneurysmal rim was detected in 76% (19/25) patients, and the maximum transverse dimension of aneurysm was bigger in patients with transmural late gadolinium enhancement than in patients without transmural late gadolinium enhancement ((22.0±10.8)mm vs. (11.7±4.0) mm, 0.033). ApHCM with LVAA patients have distinct cardiac clinical features, and CMR is the most useful tool for the accurate and objective evaluation of this disease.