Leipzig University Medical Center, Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
LIFE Child Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 30;11(8):1751. doi: 10.3390/nu11081751.
(1) Background: Parental feeding practices are related to child body mass index (BMI, kg/m) and seem to be a consequence rather than cause of child BMI, but research so far is limited. Stability and continuity of feeding practices, probably explaining changes in food intake and child BMI, remain to be poorly examined. (2) Methods: Feeding practices (i.e., restriction, food as reward, pressure to eat, monitoring) assessed via the Child Feeding Questionnaire, child age, standardized BMI (BMI), and socio-economic status were measured annually at multiple visits (range 2-8) in a population-based longitudinal cohort study of 1512 parents with their children aged 2 to 12 years. Stability, continuity, and bi-directionality of feeding practices and child BMI were calculated using correlation coefficients, paired tests, and cross-lagged panels, respectively. (3) Results: Feeding practices and child BMI showed moderate to high stability. While continuity was high for restriction, minor temporal changes were observed for other feeding practices and child BMI. Cross-lags indicated that child BMI predicted restriction, pressure to eat, and monitoring, while food-rewarding predicted child BMI only minorly. (4) Conclusions: Parents seem to adapt feeding practices to child BMI with the exception of food-rewarding.
(1) 背景：父母的喂养方式与儿童的体重指数（BMI，kg/m）有关，而且似乎是儿童 BMI 的结果而不是原因，但迄今为止的研究有限。喂养方式的稳定性和连续性，可能解释了食物摄入量和儿童 BMI 的变化，仍有待进一步研究。(2) 方法：通过儿童喂养问卷评估喂养方式（即限制、食物作为奖励、强迫进食、监控），并在一项基于人群的纵向队列研究中，每年在多个访视点（范围为 2-8 次）对 1512 名 2 至 12 岁儿童的父母及其子女的年龄、标准化 BMI（BMI）和社会经济地位进行测量。使用相关系数、配对 t 检验和交叉滞后面板分别计算喂养方式和儿童 BMI 的稳定性、连续性和双向性。(3) 结果：喂养方式和儿童 BMI 表现出中等至高度的稳定性。虽然限制的连续性较高，但其他喂养方式和儿童 BMI 则观察到较小的时间变化。交叉滞后表明，儿童 BMI 预测限制、强迫进食和监控，而食物奖励仅能轻微预测儿童 BMI。(4) 结论：除了食物奖励之外，父母似乎会根据儿童的 BMI 来调整喂养方式。
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