Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway.
Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Glob Chang Biol. 2019 Dec;25(12):4081-4091. doi: 10.1111/gcb.14780. Epub 2019 Aug 28.
The timing of annual events such as reproduction is a critical component of how free-living organisms respond to ongoing climate change. This may be especially true in the Arctic, which is disproportionally impacted by climate warming. Here, we show that Arctic seabirds responded to climate change by moving the start of their reproduction earlier, coincident with an advancing onset of spring and that their response is phylogenetically and spatially structured. The phylogenetic signal is likely driven by seabird foraging behavior. Surface-feeding species advanced their reproduction in the last 35 years while diving species showed remarkably stable breeding timing. The earlier reproduction for Arctic surface-feeding birds was significant in the Pacific only, where spring advancement was most pronounced. In both the Atlantic and Pacific, seabirds with a long breeding season showed a greater response to the advancement of spring than seabirds with a short breeding season. Our results emphasize that spatial variation, phylogeny, and life history are important considerations in seabird phenological response to climate change and highlight the key role played by the species' foraging behavior.
年度事件（如繁殖）的时间安排是自由生活生物如何应对持续气候变化的关键组成部分。在受气候变暖不成比例影响的北极地区，这可能尤其如此。在这里，我们表明，北极海鸟通过提前开始繁殖来应对气候变化，与春季的提前开始相吻合，而且它们的反应在系统发育和空间上是有结构的。系统发育信号可能是由海鸟的觅食行为驱动的。表层觅食物种在过去 35 年中提前了繁殖，而潜水物种的繁殖时间则非常稳定。在太平洋地区，北极表层觅食鸟类的更早繁殖是显著的，而在那里，春季的提前最为明显。在大西洋和太平洋，繁殖季节较长的海鸟对春季提前的反应比繁殖季节较短的海鸟更大。我们的研究结果强调，空间变化、系统发育和生活史是海鸟对气候变化的物候反应的重要考虑因素，并突出了物种觅食行为所起的关键作用。
