哺乳期母猪增加日粮蛋白会影响其身体组成、血液代谢物和牛奶产量。

Increased dietary protein for lactating sows affects body composition, blood metabolites and milk production.

机构信息

Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.

SEGES Pig Research Centre, Axeltorv 3, 1609 Copenhagen, Denmark.

出版信息

Animal. 2020 Feb;14(2):285-294. doi: 10.1017/S1751731119001678. Epub 2019 Aug 1.

DOI:10.1017/S1751731119001678

PMID:31368423

Abstract

Hyper-prolific sows nurse more piglets than less productive sows, putting a high demand on the nutrient supply for milk production. In addition, the high production level can increase mobilization from body tissues. The effect of increased dietary protein (104, 113, 121, 129, 139 and 150 g standardized ileal digestible (SID) CP/kg) on sow body composition, milk production and plasma metabolite concentrations was investigated from litter standardization (day 2) until weaning (day 24). Sow body composition was determined using the deuterium oxide dilution technique on days 3 and 24 postpartum. Blood samples were collected weekly, and milk samples were obtained on days 3, 10 and 17 of lactation. Litter average daily gain (ADG) peaked at 135 g SID CP/kg (P < 0.001). Sow BW and back fat loss reached a breakpoint at 143 and 127 g SID CP/kg (P < 0.001). Milk fat increased linearly with increasing dietary SID CP (P < 0.05), and milk lactose decreased until a breakpoint at 124 g SID CP/kg and 5.3% (P < 0.001) on day 17. The concentration of milk protein on day 17 increased until a breakpoint at 136 g SID CP/kg (5.0%; P < 0.001). The loss of body protein from day 3 until weaning decreased with increased dietary SID CP until it reached a breakpoint at 128 g SID CP/kg (P < 0.001). The body ash loss declined linearly with increasing dietary SID CP (P < 0.01), and the change in body fat was unaffected by dietary treatment (P=0.41). In early lactation (day 3 + day 10), plasma urea N (PUN) increased linearly after the breakpoint at 139 g SID CP/kg at a concentration of 3.8 mmol/l, and in late lactation (day 17 + day 24), PUN increased linearly after a breakpoint at 133 g SID CP/kg (P < 0.001) at a concentration of 4.5 mmol/l. In conclusion, the SID CP requirement for sows was estimated to 135 g/kg based on litter ADG, and this was supported by the breakpoints of other response variables within the interval 124 to 143 g/kg.

摘要

高产母猪比低产母猪哺乳更多的仔猪，这对牛奶生产的营养供应提出了很高的要求。此外，高生产水平会增加来自身体组织的动员。本研究从窝产仔标准化（第 2 天）到断奶（第 24 天），调查了日粮中增加的蛋白质（104、113、121、129、139 和 150 g 可消化真蛋白/千克）对母猪体组成、产奶量和血浆代谢物浓度的影响。母猪体组成采用氘氧化稀释技术于产后第 3 天和第 24 天进行测定。每周采集血样，泌乳第 3、10 和 17 天采集奶样。窝仔平均日增重（ADG）在 135 g 可消化真蛋白/千克时达到峰值（P < 0.001）。母猪 BW 和背脂损失在 143 和 127 g 可消化真蛋白/千克时达到转折点（P < 0.001）。牛奶脂肪随日粮中可消化真蛋白的增加呈线性增加（P < 0.05），牛奶乳糖在 124 g 可消化真蛋白/千克和 5.3%（P < 0.001）时呈线性下降，第 17 天。第 17 天牛奶蛋白浓度在 136 g 可消化真蛋白/千克时增加至转折点（5.0%；P < 0.001）。从第 3 天到断奶的体蛋白损失随着日粮中可消化真蛋白的增加而减少，直到 128 g 可消化真蛋白/千克时达到转折点（P < 0.001）。体灰分损失随日粮中可消化真蛋白的增加呈线性下降（P < 0.01），而体脂的变化不受日粮处理的影响（P=0.41）。在泌乳早期（第 3 天+第 10 天），在 139 g 可消化真蛋白/千克的转折点后，血浆尿素氮（PUN）呈线性增加，浓度为 3.8 mmol/L，在泌乳后期（第 17 天+第 24 天），在 133 g 可消化真蛋白/千克的转折点后，PUN 呈线性增加（P < 0.001），浓度为 4.5 mmol/L。总之，根据窝仔 ADG，母猪的可消化真蛋白需要量估计为 135 g/kg，这与其他反应变量在 124 至 143 g/kg 范围内的转折点一致。