Laboratory, Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency, JBPHH, HI.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2019 Oct;170(2):308-318. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23912. Epub 2019 Aug 1.
At the establishment of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists in 1930, women comprised 2.4% of the total membership, and 9.7% a decade later. By 2014 ~70% of members were women. Despite these numbers, there are continued gender disparities within the discipline. While there is considerable interest in promoting equity, there is little documentation of the historical experiences of female anthropologists. This article introduces the women active in the discipline during the first decade of the Association, compiles descriptions of their experiences related to their treatment based on gender, and examines these historical perspectives in conjunction with documented trends of continuing gender disparities. A pattern is evident for these early anthropologists of receiving personal and financial discouragement during their education; experiencing discrimination in hiring, promotion, and pay; studying women and children as entrée into professional work; working within the federal government or military; leaving anthropology early in their careers; having their work credited to their male colleagues; experiencing additional limitations if they married; and outwardly downplaying their own experiences of sexism. This pattern is echoed in the experiences of female anthropologists today.
在 1930 年美国体质人类学家协会成立时，女性在会员总数中占 2.4%，十年后占 9.7%。到 2014 年，约 70%的会员是女性。尽管有这些数字，但该学科内部仍存在持续的性别差距。虽然人们对促进公平性很感兴趣，但很少有关于女性人类学家历史经历的记录。本文介绍了协会成立的第一个十年中活跃在该学科的女性，并对她们基于性别待遇的经历进行了描述，同时结合有文件记载的持续性别差距趋势对这些历史观点进行了考察。对于这些早期的人类学家来说，有一个明显的模式，即在接受教育期间，她们个人和经济上都受到了挫折；在招聘、晋升和薪酬方面受到歧视；研究女性和儿童作为进入专业工作的途径；在联邦政府或军队中工作；在职业生涯早期就离开人类学领域；她们的工作归功于男同事；如果结婚，会受到额外的限制；并公开淡化自己的性别歧视经历。这种模式在当今女性人类学家的经历中得到了呼应。
