School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
College of Health Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas, USA.
BMJ Open. 2019 Jul 31;9(7):e027977. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027977.
The aim of this study was to summarise the results from existing studies reporting on the effectiveness of the introduction of violence and injury observatories (VIOs).
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study.
We searched multiple electronic databases including but not limited to PubMed, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Cochrane Collaboration, Campbell Collaboration and Web of Knowledge.
We included non-randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental designs, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, controlled before-and-after studies and cross-sectional studies. We sought to include studies performed in any country and published in any language. The primary outcome was homicide, while the secondary outcome was assault.
We searched a number of databases, supplemented by searches in grey literature including technical reports. Searches comprised studies from January 1990 to October 2018.
Of 3105 potentially relevant unique citations from all literature searches, 3 empirical studies and 4 technical reports met our inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted in the UK (n=3), Colombia (n=2), Brazil (n=1) and Uruguay (n=1). Subgroup analyses according to the two types of models implemented, the VIO and the injury surveillance system (ISS), provided evidence for an association between implementing the VIO model and a reduction in homicide count in high-violence settings (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.06; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.19; four studies), while the introduction of ISS showed significant results in reducing assault (IRR=0.80; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.91; three studies).
This systematic review provides the best evidence available for the effectiveness of the introduction of VIOs and ISSs in reducing violence outcomes in adults in high-violence settings. The implementation of VIOs should be considered in high-violence communities where reduction in homicide rates is desired.
CRD42014009818.
本研究旨在总结现有关于引入暴力和伤害观测站（VIO）的有效性的研究结果。
这是一项系统评价和荟萃分析研究。
我们检索了多个电子数据库，包括但不限于 PubMed、PsycINFO、SCOPUS、Cochrane 协作、坎贝尔协作和 Web of Knowledge。
我们纳入了非随机对照试验、准实验设计、前瞻性和回顾性队列研究、对照前后研究和横断面研究。我们试图纳入在任何国家进行的、用任何语言发表的研究。主要结局是凶杀，次要结局是攻击。
我们检索了许多数据库，并通过灰色文献搜索（包括技术报告）进行补充。搜索包括从 1990 年 1 月至 2018 年 10 月的研究。
从所有文献搜索中，3105 篇可能相关的独特文献中，有 3 项实证研究和 4 份技术报告符合我们的纳入标准。这些研究分别在英国（n=3）、哥伦比亚（n=2）、巴西（n=1）和乌拉圭（n=1）进行。根据实施的两种模型（VIO 和伤害监测系统（ISS））进行的亚组分析提供了证据，表明在高暴力环境中实施 VIO 模型与凶杀计数减少相关（发病率比（IRR）=0.06；95%CI 0.02 至 0.19；四项研究），而引入 ISS 则显示在减少攻击方面有显著效果（IRR=0.80；95%CI 0.71 至 0.91；三项研究）。
本系统评价提供了在高暴力环境中引入 VIO 和 ISS 以减少成人暴力结果的最佳现有证据。在希望降低凶杀率的高暴力社区，应考虑实施 VIO。
CRD42014009818。
