Davis M
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1988;95(2):151-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00174500.
Rats were presented with noise bursts alone or noise bursts 60 ms after presentation of either a 60 dB or an 80 dB prepulse after injection of the dopamine agonists apomorphine (3 mg/kg) or d-amphetamine (4 mg/kg), the glycine antagonist strychnine (1.5 mg/kg) or the alpha 2 antagonist yohimbine (5 mg/kg). Presentation of prepulses inhibited startle, with greater inhibition following an 80 dB versus 60 dB prepulse. Apomorphine, d-amphetamine and strychnine increased overall startle levels but did not attenuate prepulse inhibition, since the absolute change in startle following prepulse presentation was significantly greater after administration of these drugs. A lower dose of apomorphine also increased startle but had no effect on prepulse inhibition using test intervals of 10, 60, 100, 200 or 1000 ms. While these drugs did decrease per cent prepulse inhibition, this seemed wholly attributable to their increasing overall startle levels, rather than a real attenuation of prepulse inhibition. Yohimbine did not alter either startle baseline or prepulse inhibition. The results do not support the conclusion that overactivity of dopamine systems attenuates prepulse inhibition and, in addition, suggest that prepulse inhibition does not result from activation of either glycine or norepinephrine projecting to alpha 2 adrenergic receptors.
给大鼠单独呈现噪声脉冲,或者在注射多巴胺激动剂阿扑吗啡(3毫克/千克)或右旋苯丙胺(4毫克/千克)、甘氨酸拮抗剂士的宁(1.5毫克/千克)或α2拮抗剂育亨宾(5毫克/千克)后,在呈现60分贝或80分贝的预脉冲60毫秒后再呈现噪声脉冲。预脉冲的呈现会抑制惊吓反应,80分贝的预脉冲比60分贝的预脉冲产生的抑制作用更强。阿扑吗啡、右旋苯丙胺和士的宁会提高总体惊吓水平,但不会减弱预脉冲抑制,因为在给予这些药物后,预脉冲呈现后的惊吓绝对变化显著更大。较低剂量的阿扑吗啡也会增加惊吓,但在10、60、100、200或1000毫秒的测试间隔下对预脉冲抑制没有影响。虽然这些药物确实降低了预脉冲抑制的百分比,但这似乎完全归因于它们提高了总体惊吓水平,而不是真正减弱了预脉冲抑制。育亨宾既没有改变惊吓基线,也没有改变预脉冲抑制。这些结果不支持多巴胺系统过度活跃会减弱预脉冲抑制这一结论,此外,还表明预脉冲抑制不是由投射到α2肾上腺素能受体的甘氨酸或去甲肾上腺素的激活所导致的。