Animal Husbandry and Breeding in the Tropics and Subtropics, Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
Poult Sci. 2019 Dec 1;98(12):6564-6571. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez429.
The utilization of male chickens for fattening constitutes a potential advantage of the dual-purpose concept. In addition to the use of commercial hybrids, producers could introduce alternative chicken genotypes or further develop local breeds. To gain more information about the genetic effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics, physicochemical meat traits, and sensory attributes, 60 cockerels belonging to Les Bleues (developed from the French breed Bresse Gauloise), Canarian (Spanish local breed), and Dominant Red Barred D459 (DRB D459; commercial dual-purpose hybrid) genotypes were reared under free-range conditions in a warm tropical climate and slaughtered at 15 wk of age. The major findings were as follows: (i) Les Bleues chickens exhibited the best growth rate and the body weight of 2.44 kg reached by this strain at 15 wk would be gained only after 18 to 19 wk with DRB D459 and it would take even 2 wk longer for Canarian breed, according to the growth modeling using the Morgan equation, although the body weights between the latter were statistical similar at 15 wk; (ii) Les Bleues strain had a good capability in terms of meat production performance, presenting carcasses with significantly heavier commercial cuts, and higher fleshiness than the other 2 genotypes; (iii) although significant differences among genotypes appeared in the physical characteristics of the breast meat, especially those concerning the skin and meat color and water-holding capacity, which was significantly reduced for Canarian chickens, no significant differences were detected in the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the breast meat; (iv) trained panelists (n = 8) pointed out that leg meat of none of the genotypes is better in terms of global appreciation, but untrained consumers (n = 99) perceived that the Les Bleues leg meat was significantly more palatable than the DRB D459 leg meat.
利用公鸡育肥构成了两用概念的潜在优势。除了使用商业杂交品种外，生产者还可以引入替代鸡种或进一步开发本地品种。为了获得更多关于生长性能、胴体特征、肉的理化特性和感官特性的遗传效应的信息，在热带温暖气候下的自由放养条件下饲养了 60 只公鸡，它们属于 Les Bleues（源自法国品种 Bresse Gauloise）、Canarian（西班牙本地品种）和 Dominant Red Barred D459（DRB D459；商业两用杂交品种）基因型，在 15 周龄时屠宰。主要发现如下：（i）Les Bleues 鸡表现出最佳的生长速度，这种品系在 15 周龄时达到的 2.44 公斤体重，仅在 18 至 19 周龄时用 DRB D459 获得，而 Canarian 品种则需要更长的 2 周时间，根据 Morgan 方程进行的生长建模，尽管在 15 周龄时后两者的体重在统计学上相似；（ii）Les Bleues 品系在肉生产性能方面具有良好的能力，表现出胴体具有明显更重的商业切块和比其他 2 个基因型更高的肉质；（iii）尽管基因型之间在胸肉的物理特性方面出现了显著差异，尤其是在皮肤和肉色以及持水性方面，Canarian 鸡的持水性显著降低，但在胸肉的化学成分和脂肪酸谱方面没有检测到显著差异；（iv）受过训练的评审员（n = 8）指出，在总体评价方面，没有一个基因型的腿肉更好，但未经训练的消费者（n = 99）认为，Les Bleues 腿肉比 DRB D459 腿肉更美味。
