Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
J Psychosom Res. 2019 Aug;123:109731. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.05.009. Epub 2019 May 23.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder, often associated with multiple medical comorbidities as well as psychological difficulties. Among the latter, relationship difficulties as well as mood and anxiety symptoms have been reported, without a clear understanding of the mechanism. In the current study we wanted to further explore these aspects, while comparing groups of OSA individuals with good vs poor sleep. The primary goal of the study was to examine the relationship between sleep and adult attachment and secondly to explore the relationship between sleep and couple satisfaction as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Following diagnosis of OSA by overnight polysomnography, 102 participants completed several psychological measures (e.g. adult attachment, couple satisfaction, depression and anxiety symptoms) and sleep measures (sleep quality and daytime sleepiness). Variables of interest were compared between the OSA groups with either good/poor sleep quality or no/excessive daytime sleepiness.
Adult attachment avoidance was higher in individuals with low sleep quality (mean difference = 0.33, p = .04, d = 0.46) while adult attachment anxiety was higher in individuals with high daytime sleepiness (mean difference = 0.46, p = .04, d = 0.43). Individuals with either poor sleep quality or excessive daytime sleepiness had greater severity of depression and anxiety (both p < .05).
OSA patients with poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness have greater attachment insecurity and higher levels of depression and anxiety. A multidisciplinary approach including psychological interventions, should be considered in OSA cases with high levels of sleep disturbance.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种常见的睡眠障碍，常与多种医学合并症以及心理困难有关。在后者中，已经报道了人际关系困难以及情绪和焦虑症状，但对其机制尚不清楚。在目前的研究中，我们希望进一步探讨这些方面，同时比较睡眠质量好和睡眠质量差的 OSA 个体组。该研究的主要目的是检查睡眠与成人依恋之间的关系，其次是探索睡眠与夫妻满意度以及抑郁和焦虑症状之间的关系。
通过整夜多导睡眠图诊断 OSA 后，102 名参与者完成了几项心理测量（例如成人依恋、夫妻满意度、抑郁和焦虑症状）和睡眠测量（睡眠质量和白天嗜睡）。在 OSA 组中，将具有良好/较差睡眠质量或无/过度白天嗜睡的个体之间的变量进行比较。
睡眠质量差的个体的成人依恋回避程度较高（平均差异=0.33，p=0.04，d=0.46），而白天嗜睡较高的个体的成人依恋焦虑程度较高（平均差异=0.46，p=0.04，d=0.43）。睡眠质量差或白天嗜睡过多的个体的抑郁和焦虑严重程度更高（均 p<0.05）。
睡眠质量差和白天嗜睡过多的 OSA 患者的依恋不安全感更大，抑郁和焦虑程度更高。对于睡眠障碍程度较高的 OSA 病例，应考虑采用包括心理干预在内的多学科方法。
