Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK; College of Fishery and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Oct;93:631-640. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.002. Epub 2019 Aug 1.
Fish aquaculture is the world's fastest growing food production industry and infectious diseases are a major limiting factor. Vaccination is the most appropriate method for controlling infectious diseases and a key reason for the success of salmonid cultivation and has reduced the use of antibiotics. The development of fish vaccines requires the use of a great number of experimental animals that are challenged with virulent pathogens. In vitro cell culture systems have the potential to replace in vivo pathogen exposure for initial screening and testing of novel vaccine candidates/preparations, and for batch potency and safety tests. PBL contain major immune cells that enable the detection of both innate and adaptive immune responses in vitro. Fish PBL can be easily prepared using a hypotonic method and is the only way to obtain large numbers of immune cells non-lethally. Distinct gene expression profiles of innate and adaptive immunity have been observed between bacterins prepared from different bacterial species, as well as from different strains or culturing conditions of the same bacterial species. Distinct immune pathways are activated by pathogens or vaccines in vivo that can be detected in PBL in vitro. Immune gene expression in PBL after stimulation with vaccine candidates may shed light on the immune pathways involved that lead to vaccine-mediated protection. This study suggests that PBL are a suitable platform for initial screening of vaccine candidates, for evaluation of vaccine-induced immune responses, and a cheap alternative for potency testing to reduce animal use in aquaculture vaccine development.
水产养殖是世界上发展最快的食品生产行业，而传染病是主要的限制因素。疫苗接种是控制传染病的最合适方法，也是鲑鱼养殖成功的关键原因，并减少了抗生素的使用。鱼类疫苗的开发需要使用大量的实验动物来挑战强毒病原体。体外细胞培养系统有可能替代体内病原体暴露，用于新型疫苗候选物/制剂的初步筛选和测试，以及批量效力和安全性测试。PBL 中含有主要的免疫细胞，可在体外检测到先天和适应性免疫反应。使用低渗法可以轻松制备鱼类 PBL，并且是唯一可以非致死性地获得大量免疫细胞的方法。从不同细菌制备的菌苗以及从同一细菌的不同菌株或培养条件制备的菌苗之间观察到了先天和适应性免疫的不同基因表达谱。体内的病原体或疫苗激活了不同的免疫途径，这些途径可以在体外的 PBL 中检测到。用疫苗候选物刺激 PBL 后的免疫基因表达可能揭示了导致疫苗介导保护的相关免疫途径。本研究表明，PBL 是疫苗候选物初步筛选的合适平台，可用于评估疫苗诱导的免疫反应，并且是一种廉价的替代方法，可用于效力测试，以减少水产养殖疫苗开发中的动物使用。
