Potharst Eva S, Boekhorst Myrthe G B M, Cuijlits Ivon, van Broekhoven Kiki E M, Jacobs Anne, Spek Viola, Nyklíček Ivan, Bögels Susan M, Pop Victor J M
UvA Minds, Academic Outpatient (Child and Adolescent) Treatment Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jul 17;10:1550. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01550. eCollection 2019.
The prevalence of maternal stress in early years of parenting can negatively impact child development. Therefore, there is a need for an early intervention that is easily accessible and low in costs. The current study examined the effectiveness of an 8-session online mindful parenting training for mothers with elevated levels of parental stress.
A total of 76 mothers were randomized into an intervention ( = 43) or a waitlist control group ( = 33). The intervention group completed pretest assessment prior to the online intervention. Participants completed a post intervention assessment after the 10 weeks intervention and a follow-up assessment 10 weeks later. The waitlist group completed waitlist assessment, followed by a 10-week waitlist period. After these 10 weeks, a pretest assessment took place, after which the waitlist group participants also started the intervention, followed by the posttest assessment. Participating mothers completed questionnaires on parental stress (parent-child interaction problems, parenting problems, parental role restriction) and other maternal (over-reactive parenting discipline, self-compassion, symptoms of depression and anxiety) and child outcomes (aggressive behavior and emotional reactivity) while the non-participating parents (father or another mother) were asked to also report on child outcomes.
The online mindful parenting intervention was shown to be significantly more effective at a 95% level than a waitlist period with regard to over-reactive parenting discipline and symptoms of depression and anxiety (small and medium effect sizes), and significantly more effective at a 90% level with regard to self-compassion, and mother-rated child aggressive behavior and child emotional reactivity (small effect sizes). The primary outcome, parental stress, was found to have a 95% significant within-group effect only for the subscale parental role restriction (delayed small effect size improvement at follow-up). No significant improvements on child outcomes were found for the non-participating parent.
To conclude, the results provide first evidence that an online mindful parenting training may be an easily accessible and valuable intervention for mothers with elevated levels of parental stress.
育儿早期母亲压力的普遍存在会对儿童发展产生负面影响。因此，需要一种易于获得且成本低廉的早期干预措施。本研究考察了为期8节的在线正念育儿培训对父母压力水平较高的母亲的有效性。
共有76名母亲被随机分为干预组（n = 43）或候补对照组（n = 33）。干预组在在线干预前完成预测试评估。参与者在10周干预后完成干预后评估，并在10周后进行随访评估。候补组完成候补评估，随后是10周的候补期。在这10周后，进行预测试评估，之后候补组参与者也开始干预，随后进行后测试评估。参与的母亲完成了关于父母压力（亲子互动问题、育儿问题、父母角色限制）以及其他母亲方面（过度反应的育儿管教、自我同情、抑郁和焦虑症状）和儿童结果（攻击性行为和情绪反应性）的问卷调查，同时非参与的父母（父亲或另一位母亲）也被要求报告儿童结果。
在线正念育儿干预在95%的水平上被证明在过度反应的育儿管教以及抑郁和焦虑症状方面（效应量小和中等）比候补期显著更有效，在90%的水平上在自我同情、母亲评定的儿童攻击性行为和儿童情绪反应性方面（效应量小）显著更有效。主要结果，即父母压力，仅在父母角色限制子量表上发现有95%的显著组内效应（随访时效应量延迟有小幅度改善）。未发现非参与父母在儿童结果方面有显著改善。
总之，结果首次证明在线正念育儿培训对于父母压力水平较高的母亲可能是一种易于获得且有价值的干预措施。
