Research Professor and Director of the Esthetic Dentistry Program, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
Research Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
J Prosthet Dent. 2020 May;123(5):739-746. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.02.023. Epub 2019 Aug 2.
Smile analysis, as part of the overall facial analysis, is an important component of diagnosis and treatment planning in the esthetic rehabilitation of a patient. Most studies that refer to smile analysis are based on static images. A more comprehensive evaluation can be made with dynamic video images that can be stopped at the most appropriate frame to ensure the best static images for analysis.
The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the posed and dynamic smiles of both sexes, considering the type of smile, prevalence of gingival display, dental display at rest, dentogingival display at posed and spontaneous smile, and lip mobility, through digital image acquisition (photographs and video clips) manipulated by using a software program.
Three photographs and 1 video clip were made for each of the 380 voluntary participants aged between 18 and 32 years by using an iPhone 6 iSight 8 MP camera, Moment lens, and artificial 5500 Kelvin light (IceLight). Digital files were evaluated by using a software program (Keynote), determining each point to be evaluated with posed and spontaneous smiles.
With static images, 90% of women and 74% of men had gingival display, with only 35% of women and 21% of men having continuous gingival display. With dynamic analysis, these values increased to 100% of women and 95% of men having gingival display and 62% of men and 81% of women having a continuous gingival display (P<.05). The difference between dentogingival display during posed and spontaneous smiles was clear, with 68% of the participants having 2.25 mm more gingival display. Women tend to show slightly more dental display at rest, posed and spontaneous dentogingival display, as well as lip mobility, than men.
The type of smile changes significantly when posed and spontaneous smiles are compared. Women generally show more gingiva and teeth in all the parameters evaluated than men. Dental treatments should be individually planned according to each patient's smile characteristics.
微笑分析作为整体面部分析的一部分，是患者美学修复诊断和治疗计划的重要组成部分。大多数提到微笑分析的研究都是基于静态图像。通过动态视频图像可以进行更全面的评估，并且可以在最合适的帧上停止视频以确保用于分析的最佳静态图像。
本临床研究的目的是通过数字图像采集（照片和视频剪辑）评估男女的姿势和动态微笑，考虑微笑类型、牙龈显露的发生率、休息时的牙齿显露、姿势和自然微笑时的牙龈显露、嘴唇活动性，使用 iPhone 6 iSight 8 MP 相机、Moment 镜头和人工 5500 开尔文灯（IceLight）对 380 名 18 至 32 岁的自愿参与者每人拍摄了 3 张照片和 1 个视频剪辑。使用软件程序（Keynote）评估数字文件，通过静态和动态分析确定要评估的每个点。
静态图像中，90%的女性和 74%的男性有牙龈显露，只有 35%的女性和 21%的男性有连续牙龈显露。动态分析中，这些值增加到 100%的女性和 95%的男性有牙龈显露，62%的男性和 81%的女性有连续牙龈显露（P<.05）。姿势和自然微笑时牙龈显露的差异明显，68%的参与者牙龈显露多 2.25 毫米。女性在休息时、姿势和自然牙龈显露以及嘴唇活动性方面，牙齿显露略多于男性。
与姿势和自然微笑相比，微笑类型有明显变化。女性在所有评估参数中通常显示更多的牙龈和牙齿。牙齿治疗应根据每个患者的微笑特征进行个体化计划。
