Nartowska Edyta, Kozłowski Tomasz, Gawdzik Jarosław
Faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, Kielce Univ. of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia P.P. 7, 25-314, Kielce, Poland.
Heliyon. 2019 Jul 26;5(7):e02142. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02142. eCollection 2019 Jul.
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of potentially toxic metals, such as Cu and Zn ions, on the microstructural parameters of bentonites and their hydraulic conductivity (), calculated based on the empirical formulas for clays according to Hazen-Tkaczukowa (formula 1 based on granulometric parameters) and Kozłowski et al., (2011) (formula 2 based on microstructural parameters). Metal ions influence the microstructure changes of bentonites, which can lead to changes in the geotechnical parameters that are used in empirical formulas. The research was carried out on model clays (SWy-3, Stx-1b and Slovak bentonite), which were modified by introducing Cu or Zn ions into the structure. A significant dependence was observed between an increase in the Cu ion content in clay and an increase in the pore area. Therefore, the value of the hydraulic conductivity was estimated with the use of formula 2, which proved to be a useful tool for determining hydraulic conductivity in the case of bentonites contaminated with Cu ions. In contrast, the effect of Zn ions on the granulometric parameters was significant, and formula 1 proved to be useful tool for determining hydraulic conductivity in the case of bentonites contaminated with Zn ions. The results showed that the behavior of bentonites saturated with Cu and Zn ions differed. Therefore, the authors believe that the empirical formulas of the hydraulic conductivity of the clays saturated with potentially toxic metals should be based on the selected clay parameters dependent upon the nature of the ion.
本研究的目的是确定潜在有毒金属（如铜离子和锌离子）对膨润土微观结构参数及其水力传导率的影响，该水力传导率是根据哈森 - 特卡祖科娃（基于粒度参数的公式1）和科兹洛夫斯基等人（2011年）（基于微观结构参数的公式2）的粘土经验公式计算得出的。金属离子会影响膨润土的微观结构变化，这可能导致经验公式中使用的岩土参数发生变化。研究是在模型粘土（SWy - 3、Stx - 1b和斯洛伐克膨润土）上进行的，通过将铜或锌离子引入结构对其进行改性。观察到粘土中铜离子含量的增加与孔隙面积的增加之间存在显著相关性。因此，使用公式2估算了水力传导率的值，事实证明该公式在确定被铜离子污染的膨润土的水力传导率时是一个有用的工具。相比之下，锌离子对粒度参数的影响显著，公式1被证明是确定被锌离子污染的膨润土的水力传导率的有用工具。结果表明，被铜离子和锌离子饱和的膨润土的行为有所不同。因此，作者认为，被潜在有毒金属饱和的粘土的水力传导率经验公式应基于取决于离子性质的选定粘土参数。
