澳大利亚维多利亚州纯血赛马的训练实践、速度和距离。

Training practices, speed and distances undertaken by Thoroughbred racehorses in Victoria, Australia.

机构信息

U-Vet Equine Centre, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.

Asia Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

出版信息

Equine Vet J. 2020 Mar;52(2):273-280. doi: 10.1111/evj.13156. Epub 2019 Aug 30.

DOI:10.1111/evj.13156

PMID:31386764

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Musculoskeletal injuries (MSI) in racehorses are commonly due to bone fatigue, a function of the number of cycles (strides) and the magnitude of load applied to the limb. These parameters can be estimated using speed and distance, with greater than 6000 m/month at a gallop (>14 m/s), in combination with canter distances greater than 44,000 m/month, reported to increase fracture risk. Despite their importance, there are limited data on the distances and speeds horses are exposed to during training.

OBJECTIVES

Estimate training volume at different speeds undertaken by Australian Thoroughbred racehorses.

STUDY DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

METHODS

Registered trainers (n = 66) in Victoria, Australia were surveyed. Questions were designed to assess the full training workload from initial pre-training to training performed to achieve and maintain race fitness, as well as information on rest periods. Descriptive analyses were stratified by trainer- and horse-level factors, with assessment of variance within and between groups. Cluster analyses were used to identify similar workload intensity groups.

RESULTS

Horse-level factors (age, targeted race distance) were associated with workload (younger<older, sprinters<stayers). Trainer categorisation did not influence workload, but there was significant variation in volume of total gallop exercise between trainers (median gallop distance 8000 m/month [IQR 6400-12,000]). Cluster analyses identified four workload programmes (medians): low-intensity (4800 m/month), medium-volume (8000 m/month), medium-volume with a higher proportion of high-speed workouts (12,800 m/month) and high-volume programmes (19,200 m/month), with 23, 50, 17 and 9% of trainers predominately training racehorses under each of the respective programmes. Horses 3-years and older were rested twice yearly for 6.3 (95% CI 5.7, 6.8) weeks, with more experienced trainers resting horses for shorter periods (P = 0.03).

MAIN LIMITATIONS

Possible selection bias, subjective reporting of workloads by trainers.

CONCLUSIONS

Australian Thoroughbred training programmes include high volumes of galloping with more than half exceeding previously reported risk levels for MSI.

摘要

背景

赛马的肌肉骨骼损伤（MSI）通常是由于骨骼疲劳引起的，这是腿部承受的循环次数（步幅）和负荷大小的功能。这些参数可以通过速度和距离来估计，每分钟大于 6000 米（大于 14 米/秒），以疾驰的速度，再加上每月大于 44000 米的慢步距离，据报道，这会增加骨折的风险。尽管它们很重要，但关于马匹在训练中所承受的距离和速度的数据有限。

目的

估计澳大利亚纯种赛马在不同速度下的训练量。

研究设计

横断面研究。

方法

对澳大利亚维多利亚州的注册教练（n=66）进行了调查。问题旨在评估从最初的预训练到为达到和保持比赛状态而进行的训练的完整训练工作量，以及休息时间的信息。根据训练师和马的水平因素进行描述性分析，评估组内和组间的方差。聚类分析用于识别类似的工作负荷强度组。

结果

马的水平因素（年龄、目标比赛距离）与工作量有关（年轻<年长，短跑<耐力）。教练分类不影响工作量，但不同教练之间的总疾驰运动量有显著差异（中位数疾驰距离 8000 米/月[IQR 6400-12000]）。聚类分析确定了四个工作量方案（中位数）：低强度（4800 米/月）、中强度（8000 米/月）、中强度但有更高比例的高速训练（12800 米/月）和高强度方案（19200 米/月），分别有 23%、50%、17%和 9%的教练主要训练各自方案下的赛马。3 岁及以上的马每年休息两次，每次 6.3 周（95%CI 5.7-6.8），经验丰富的教练让马休息的时间更短（P=0.03）。