Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Research Unit, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 4th Floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Research Unit Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark.
Mental Health Services of the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Research Unit Denmark; Department of Psychology, Center for Visual Cognition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Affect Disord. 2019 Nov 1;258:56-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.079. Epub 2019 Jul 30.
Attention deficits are found in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) and bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) using assessment methods relying on motor-based response latency. This study compares visual attention functions in children at FHR-SZ or FHR-BP with controls using an unspeeded task unconfounded by motor components.
Visual attention was assessed in 133 7-year-old children at FHR-SZ (N = 56) or FHR-BP (N = 32), and controls (N = 45) using the unspeeded paradigm, TVA-based whole report. We compared four parameters of visual attention: visual processing speed, visual short-term memory, threshold for visual perception, and error rate. Further, we investigated their potential relationships with severity of psychopathology, adequacy of the home environment, and neurocognitive measures.
Children at FHR-SZ displayed significant deficits in perceptual processing speed of visual attention compared with controls (p < .001; d = 0.75) as did children at FHR-BP (p < .05; d = 0.54). Visual processing speed was significantly associated with spatial working memory (β = -0.23; t(68) = -3.34, p = .01) and psychomotor processing speed (β = 0.14, t(67) = 2.11, p < .05).
Larger group sizes would have permitted inclusion of more predictors in the search for neurocognitive and other factors associated with the parameters of TVA-based whole report.
Young children at FHR-SZ and FHR-BP display significant deficits in processing speed of visual attention, which may reflect the effect of shared vulnerability risk genes. Early identification of children at FHR-SZ and FHR-BP with perceptual processing speed impairments may represent a low-cost basis for low-risk interventions.
使用依赖运动反应时的评估方法，在具有精神分裂症（FHR-SZ）和双相障碍（FHR-BP）家族高风险的儿童中发现了注意力缺陷。本研究使用不受运动成分影响的非速度任务比较了 FHR-SZ 或 FHR-BP 儿童与对照组的视觉注意功能。
使用非速度范式 TVA 全报告评估了 133 名 7 岁儿童的视觉注意力，其中包括 FHR-SZ（N=56）或 FHR-BP（N=32），对照组（N=45）。我们比较了视觉注意力的四个参数：视觉处理速度、视觉短期记忆、视觉感知阈值和错误率。此外，我们还研究了它们与精神病理学严重程度、家庭环境充足性和神经认知测量之间的潜在关系。
与对照组相比，FHR-SZ 儿童的视觉注意力感知处理速度明显较慢（p<0.001；d=0.75），FHR-BP 儿童也如此（p<0.05；d=0.54）。视觉处理速度与空间工作记忆（β=-0.23；t(68)=-3.34，p=0.01）和心理运动处理速度（β=0.14，t(67)=2.11，p<0.05）显著相关。
更大的样本量将允许在寻找与 TVA 全报告参数相关的神经认知和其他因素时纳入更多的预测因素。
FHR-SZ 和 FHR-BP 的幼儿在视觉注意力处理速度方面存在明显缺陷，这可能反映了共享易感性风险基因的影响。早期识别具有感知处理速度障碍的 FHR-SZ 和 FHR-BP 儿童可能代表了低成本的低风险干预基础。
