Canedo Ana P, Angel Jaqueline L
Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, The University of Texas at Austin, 2300 Red River St., Stop E2700, Sid Richardson Hall, Unit 3, P.O. Box Y, Austin, TX, 78713-8925, USA.
J Cross Cult Gerontol. 2019 Dec;34(4):417-437. doi: 10.1007/s10823-019-09379-3.
Data from the Mexican Census reveal that between 2005 and 2015, nearly two million migrants returned voluntarily to Mexico from the United States. Currently, high rates of voluntary-return migration to Mexico continue at the same time that migration flows to the U.S. steadily decline. This return migration trend presents serious challenges for Mexico, a country that has long struggled to satisfy the health care demands of its population. However, little is known about return migrants' health care needs. In this study, we examine the health risk profiles and healthcare utilization for Mexican return migrants and the non-migrant population. We examine how these outcomes are affected by both the migration and return migration experience of the returnee population, while paying close attention to age-group differences. We employ inverse probability weighting regression adjustment (IPWRA) and logistic regression analysis of a sample of 348,450 respondents from the 2014 National Survey of Demographic Dynamics (ENADID) to test for differences in health conditions between those Mexican return migrants and non-migrants. We then turn to the Survey of Migration at Mexico's Northern Border (EMIF Norte, for its Spanish acronym) for the 2014-2017 period to further assess whether certain characteristics linked to aging and the migration experience influence the prevalence of chronic health conditions, and health insurance coverage among 17,258 returned migrants. Findings reveal that compared to non-migrants, returnees are more likely to be physically impaired. These poor health outcomes are influenced by the migration and return migration experience and vary by age group and duration of residence, the time that has elapsed since returning to Mexico. We do not find an association between return migration and mental or emotional distress. Policy implications are discussed in light of immigration reform and restrictions on eligibility for health insurance coverage for older adults in Mexico.
墨西哥人口普查数据显示，2005年至2015年间，近200万移民从美国自愿返回墨西哥。目前，墨西哥自愿回国移民的比例仍然很高，与此同时，流向美国的移民数量稳步下降。这种回国移民趋势给墨西哥带来了严峻挑战，长期以来，墨西哥一直在努力满足其民众的医疗需求。然而，对于回国移民的医疗需求却知之甚少。在本研究中，我们调查了墨西哥回国移民和非移民人口的健康风险状况及医疗服务利用情况。我们研究了这些结果如何受到回国移民群体的移民和回国移民经历的影响，同时密切关注年龄组差异。我们采用逆概率加权回归调整（IPWRA）和对2014年全国人口动态调查（ENADID）的348,450名受访者样本进行逻辑回归分析，以检验墨西哥回国移民和非移民之间的健康状况差异。然后，我们转向2014 - 2017年期间的墨西哥北部边境移民调查（EMIF Norte，西班牙语首字母缩写），以进一步评估与老龄化和移民经历相关的某些特征是否会影响17,258名回国移民的慢性健康状况患病率和医疗保险覆盖情况。研究结果显示，与非移民相比，回国移民身体受损的可能性更大。这些不良健康结果受到移民和回国移民经历的影响，并因年龄组和居住时间（即回到墨西哥后经过的时间）而异。我们没有发现回国移民与精神或情绪困扰之间存在关联。我们根据墨西哥的移民改革以及对老年人医疗保险资格的限制来讨论政策影响。
