State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China.
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100 , Israel.
Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Sep 3;53(17):10479-10486. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02902. Epub 2019 Aug 22.
Nowadays, knowledge regarding component-specific inflammatory effect of fine particulate matter (PM) is limited. In this study, an omics approach based on time-of-flight mass spectrometry was established to identify the key hydrophobic components of PM associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines released by macrophages after in vitro exposure. Of 764 compounds, 62 components were robustly screened with firmly identified 37 specific chemicals. In addition to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their methylated congeners, novel oxygen- and nitrogen-containing PAHs and, especially, oxygenated PAHs (Oxy-PAHs) were identified. Interleukin (IL)-6 was associated with Oxy-PAHs of 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, xanthone, and benzo[]quinolone, especially, whereas IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were associated with most species. Most species were related to IL-1β, which was significantly higher in the heating season, with a monotonic dose-response pattern mainly for Oxy-PAHs and a U-shaped dose-response pattern for primary species. On the basis of the identified components, four sources of pollution (coal combustion, traffic emissions, biomass burning, and secondary formation, traced by Oxy-PAHs such as 1,8-naphthalic anhydride and quinones) were resolved by the positive matrix factorization model. TNF-α was associated with primary sources, whereas IL-1β and IL-6 were associated with both primary and secondary sources, suggesting different inflammatory effects between primary and secondary sources when assessing the toxicity-driven disparities of known and unknown PM components.
如今，关于细颗粒物（PM）特定成分的炎症效应的知识有限。在这项研究中，建立了一种基于飞行时间质谱的组学方法，以鉴定与体外暴露后巨噬细胞释放的促炎细胞因子相关的 PM 的关键疏水性成分。在 764 种化合物中，有 62 种成分被稳健地筛选出来，其中有 37 种特定的化学物质被明确鉴定。除了多环芳烃（PAHs）及其甲基化同系物外，还鉴定了新型含氧化合物和含氮 PAHs，特别是含氧 PAHs（Oxy-PAHs）。白细胞介素（IL）-6 与 1,8-萘二甲酸酐、呫吨酮和苯并[]喹啉的 Oxy-PAHs 有关，特别是白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）与大多数物种有关。大多数物种与 IL-1β有关，在加热季节，IL-1β明显升高，主要呈 Oxy-PAHs 的单调剂量反应模式和主要物种的 U 形剂量反应模式。基于鉴定出的成分，通过正矩阵因子模型解析了四个污染源（燃煤、交通排放、生物质燃烧和二次形成，由 1,8-萘二甲酸酐和醌等 Oxy-PAHs 追踪）。TNF-α 与主要来源有关，而 IL-1β 和 IL-6 与主要和次要来源都有关，这表明在评估已知和未知 PM 成分的毒性驱动差异时，主要和次要来源之间的炎症效应不同。
