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小烛树蜡中膨胀石墨层的剥落研究

A Study on exfoliation of Expanded Graphite Stacks in Candelilla Wax.

作者信息

Lionetto Francesca, López-Muñoz Roberto, Espinoza-González Carlos, Mis-Fernández Ricardo, Rodríguez-Fernández Oliverio, Maffezzoli Alfonso

机构信息

Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

Department of Advanced Materials, Research Center for Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, 25294 Saltillo, Mexico.

出版信息

Materials (Basel). 2019 Aug 8;12(16):2530. doi: 10.3390/ma12162530.

DOI:10.3390/ma12162530
PMID:31398950
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6721147/
Abstract

A novel, green route for pre-exfoliation of graphite based on a biodegradable polymer and high-power ultrasound is presented. Candelilla wax (CW), derived from the leaves of the candelilla plant, has been used for the first time as a natural non aqueous medium to induce the pre-exfoliation of expanded graphite (EG) under ultrasonic irradiation in an economical way. The proposed method uses also D-limonene as a natural organic solvent for reducing viscosity and increasing the affinity between the polar groups of EG and candelilla wax, thus improving the intercalation/exfoliation of EG. The quality of dispersion of the nanofiller in the natural wax matrix has been evaluated using multiple techniques. The addition of EG to wax and use of ultrasonic treatment leads to a reduced crystallinity, probably due to restrictions of the molecular movements, improved thermal stability of wax, and to an increased shear thinning exponent, which are all indicative of a high degree of EG dispersion. The ultrasonic dynamic mechanical results suggest a reduction in the cluster size and a better filler dispersion in the wax matrix promoted by polar or chemical reactions between the CW fractions and the graphite stacks, which was observed by XPS analysis. The results were compared to those obtained with paraffin, a synthetic wax, and confirmed the dispersion improvement obtained by using natural wax as a pre-exfoliating medium.

摘要

本文提出了一种基于可生物降解聚合物和高功率超声的新型绿色石墨预剥离方法。小烛树蜡（CW）源自小烛树植物的叶子，首次被用作天然非水介质，以经济的方式在超声辐射下诱导膨胀石墨（EG）的预剥离。该方法还使用D-柠檬烯作为天然有机溶剂，以降低粘度并增加EG的极性基团与小烛树蜡之间的亲和力，从而改善EG的插层/剥离。已使用多种技术评估了纳米填料在天然蜡基质中的分散质量。向蜡中添加EG并进行超声处理会导致结晶度降低，这可能是由于分子运动受限、蜡的热稳定性提高以及剪切变稀指数增加，所有这些都表明EG具有高度分散性。超声动态力学结果表明，通过XPS分析观察到，CW组分与石墨层之间的极性或化学反应促进了蜡基质中团聚体尺寸的减小和填料分散性的提高。将结果与使用合成蜡石蜡获得的结果进行了比较，证实了使用天然蜡作为预剥离介质可改善分散性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5c9c/6721147/357bafa2fb14/materials-12-02530-g013.jpg
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