School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2019 Sep;4(9):791-804. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.05.011. Epub 2019 May 30.
Speaking-induced suppression (SIS) is the phenomenon that the sounds one generates by overt speech elicit a smaller neurophysiological response in the auditory cortex than comparable sounds that are externally generated. SIS is a specific example of the more general phenomenon of self-suppression. SIS has been well established in nonhuman animals and is believed to involve the action of corollary discharges. This review summarizes, first, the evidence for SIS in heathy human participants, where it has been most commonly assessed with electroencephalography and/or magnetoencephalography using an experimental paradigm known as "Talk-Listen"; and second, the growing number of Talk-Listen studies that have reported subnormal levels of SIS in patients with schizophrenia. This result is theoretically significant, as it provides a plausible explanation for some of the most distinctive and characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia, namely the first-rank symptoms. In particular, while the failure to suppress the neural consequences of self-generated movements (such as those associated with overt speech) provides a prima facie explanation for delusions of control, the failure to suppress the neural consequences of self-generated inner speech provides a plausible explanation for certain classes of auditory-verbal hallucinations, such as audible thoughts. While the empirical evidence for a relationship between SIS and the first-rank symptoms is currently limited, I predict that future studies with more sensitive experimental designs will confirm its existence. Establishing the existence of a causal, mechanistic relationship would represent a major step forward in our understanding of schizophrenia, which is a necessary precursor to the development of novel treatments.
言语引发的抑制（SIS）是指人们通过口语产生的声音在听觉皮层中引起的神经生理反应比外部产生的类似声音要小。SIS 是更普遍的自我抑制现象的一个具体例子。SIS 在非人类动物中已经得到很好的证实，据信它涉及到伴随放电的作用。本综述首先总结了健康人类参与者中 SIS 的证据，在那里，它最常通过使用称为“说话-倾听”的实验范式的脑电图和/或脑磁图来评估；其次，越来越多的“说话-倾听”研究报告了精神分裂症患者 SIS 水平异常。这一结果在理论上具有重要意义，因为它为精神分裂症的一些最独特和典型的症状（即一级症状）提供了一个合理的解释。特别是，虽然未能抑制自我产生的运动（如与口语相关的运动）的神经后果提供了对控制妄想的初步解释，但未能抑制自我产生的内部言语的神经后果为某些类别的听觉言语幻觉（如可听见的思想）提供了一个合理的解释。虽然 SIS 与一级症状之间的关系的实证证据目前有限，但我预测，具有更敏感实验设计的未来研究将证实其存在。确定因果关系的存在将是我们对精神分裂症理解的一个重大进展，这是开发新治疗方法的必要前提。
