Begley C E, Biddle A K
School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77225.
Public Health Rep. 1988 Sep-Oct;103(5):479-85.
Although safety belts have been shown to reduce the risk of serious injury or death in automobile crashes, evidence of their effectiveness in school buses is uncertain. In this paper, the potential costs and benefits of mandatory safety belts in Texas school buses are estimated, based on the assumption that their effectiveness is less than or equal to rear seatbelt effectiveness in autos. Costs are based on both retrofitting old buses with belts and installing them in new buses. Benefits include the direct and indirect (forgone earnings) cost-savings from preventable injuries and fatalities. Results indicate that a law mandating safety belts in Texas school buses would not be cost-beneficial. Annual benefits would exceed the annual costs of installing belts in new school buses. However, the benefits would not be large enough to compensate for the five-year costs associated with retrofitting old buses.
虽然安全带已被证明可降低汽车碰撞中严重受伤或死亡的风险，但关于其在校车中有效性的证据尚不明确。在本文中，基于校车安全带有效性小于或等于汽车后排安全带有效性这一假设，对德克萨斯州校车强制使用安全带的潜在成本和收益进行了估算。成本既包括为旧校车加装安全带的费用，也包括在新校车上安装安全带的费用。收益包括因可预防的伤害和死亡而节省的直接和间接（收入损失）成本。结果表明，在德克萨斯州校车上强制使用安全带的法律在成本效益方面并不划算。年度收益将超过在新校车上安装安全带的年度成本。然而，这些收益不足以弥补为旧校车加装安全带所产生的五年成本。
