School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
PLoS One. 2019 Aug 12;14(8):e0220912. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220912. eCollection 2019.
In the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, China has developed from an economically closed country to a country that is highly dependent on foreign trade. From the perspective of spatiotemporal evolution, we analyze how port opening promoted China's reform and opening-up process. First, the port development process is divided into four periods. In the start-up period, the pilot open port policy created a platform for foreign cooperation and exchange. During the expansion period, port openings promoted the continuous optimization of the trade structure. In the cooperation period, port openings corresponded with the adjustment of China's overall industrial structure. During the optimization period, port openings provided guarantees for the implementation of a national development strategy. Second, we analyze the distribution of ports and their relationship with cross-border logistics and passenger flow. Based on data of foreign trade and passenger flow, a port openness degree measurement model includes port logistics intensity, passenger flow intensity and port city foreign-trade volume is constructed. There are significant types, geographical differences and grade differences of ports' openness.
在过去的四十年改革开放中，中国已经从一个经济封闭的国家发展成为高度依赖对外贸易的国家。从时空演变的角度，我们分析了港口开放如何促进了中国的改革开放进程。首先，将港口发展过程分为四个时期。在启动阶段，试点开放港口政策为对外合作与交流创造了平台。在扩张阶段，港口开放促进了贸易结构的不断优化。在合作阶段，港口开放与中国整体产业结构调整相呼应。在优化阶段，港口开放为国家发展战略的实施提供了保障。其次，分析了港口的分布及其与跨境物流和客流的关系。基于外贸和客流数据，构建了一个包括港口物流强度、客流强度和港口城市外贸量的港口开放度衡量模型。港口的开放程度存在显著的类型、地理和等级差异。
