Newland M C
Department of Psychology, Auburn University, AL 36849.
Toxicol Lett. 1988 Oct;43(1-3):295-319. doi: 10.1016/0378-4274(88)90035-5.
Disturbances of movement and other motor functions can result from exposure to toxicants and drugs. Sometimes, as with acute exposure to ethanol or solvents, these effects disappear when exposure ends. Other times, as with manganese, haloperidol, or chronic ethanol, motor disturbances are irreversible and may even lie undetected until after exposure has ended. Motor disturbances can take on many guises, including tremor, difficulty in positioning, fatigue, or rigidity. Techniques for measuring these different endpoints in primates will be addressed. One preparation that enables the simultaneous monitoring of positioning, tremor, and operant behavior in nonhuman primates is described, and tactics for obtaining spectral estimates of tremor from a positioning task are outlined. The spectra obtained from this preparation are reliable and valid: they are stable over a period of a year, they correspond to spectra obtained from accelerometers, and are altered by acute administration of ethanol or oxotremorine. These two drugs had opposite effects on tremor but affected bar positioning in a similar manner.
接触有毒物质和药物可能会导致运动及其他运动功能障碍。有时，如急性接触乙醇或溶剂，接触结束后这些影响就会消失。而其他时候，如接触锰、氟哌啶醇或长期接触乙醇，运动障碍是不可逆的，甚至在接触结束后仍可能未被发现。运动障碍可能有多种表现形式，包括震颤、定位困难、疲劳或僵硬。本文将介绍在灵长类动物中测量这些不同终点的技术。文中描述了一种能够同时监测非人灵长类动物定位、震颤和操作性行为的实验准备，并概述了从定位任务中获取震颤频谱估计的策略。从该实验准备中获得的频谱是可靠且有效的：它们在一年的时间内保持稳定，与从加速度计获得的频谱一致，并且会因急性给予乙醇或氧化震颤素而改变。这两种药物对震颤有相反的作用，但对杆定位的影响方式相似。
