Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100081, China.
Tianjin Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Tianjin, 300192, China.
Sci Rep. 2019 Aug 12;9(1):11663. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48149-6.
Imbalanced fertilization has caused lower yield and nutrient use efficiency for radish (Raphanus sativus L.) production in China. Estimating nutrient requirements for radish is crucial in optimizing fertilization to resolve the problem. On-farm experiments in the radish-growing regions of China from 2000 to 2017 were collected to investigate the relationship between fleshy root yield and nutrient accumulation in radish plant using the Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) model. The QUEFTS model predicted a linear increase in fleshy root yield if nutrients were taken up in balanced amounts until yield reached about 60%-70% of the potential yield. The balanced N, P, and K requirements in radish plant simulated by the QUEFTS model were 2.15, 0.45, and 2.58 kg to produce 1000 kg of fleshy root, and the corresponding internal efficiencies (IEs, kg fleshy root per kg nutrient in total plant dry matter) for N, P, and K were 465.1, 2222.2, and 387.1 kg kg. The simulated balanced N, P, and K removal by fleshy root to produce 1000 kg fleshy root were 1.34, 0.30, and 1.93 kg, respectively. Approximately 62%, 67%, and 75% of N, P, and K in radish plant were presented in the fleshy root and removed from the soil. Field validation experiments confirmed the consistency between the observed and simulated nutrient uptake values. The QUEFTS model was proven to be effective for estimating nutrient requirements of radish and will contribute to develop fertilizer recommendations for radish cultivated in China.
不平衡施肥导致中国萝卜（Raphanus sativus L.）产量和养分利用效率降低。估计萝卜的养分需求对于优化施肥以解决这一问题至关重要。本研究收集了 2000 年至 2017 年中国萝卜种植区的田间试验数据，利用热带土壤肥力定量评价（QUEFTS）模型研究了肉质根产量与萝卜植株养分积累之间的关系。结果表明，当养分以平衡的方式被吸收时，肉质根产量呈线性增加，直到产量达到潜在产量的 60%-70%左右。QUEFTS 模型模拟的萝卜植株的平衡氮、磷和钾需求量分别为 2.15、0.45 和 2.58 kg，以生产 1000 kg 肉质根，氮、磷和钾的相应内部效率（IE，植物干物质中每公斤养分的肉质根产量）分别为 465.1、2222.2 和 387.1 kg·kg-1。模拟的 1000 kg 肉质根生产所需的平衡氮、磷和钾的根去除量分别为 1.34、0.30 和 1.93 kg。萝卜植株中约 62%、67%和 75%的氮、磷和钾存在于肉质根中，并从土壤中去除。田间验证试验证实了观测值与模拟值之间的养分吸收值的一致性。QUEFTS 模型被证明可以有效地估计萝卜的养分需求，并将有助于为中国栽培的萝卜制定肥料推荐方案。
