Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Italy.
Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Italy.
Arch Oral Biol. 2019 Nov;107:104516. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104516. Epub 2019 Aug 5.
To provide a systematic review of the effects of the bite-raised condition in animal models, a widespread technique in modern orthodontics.
A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Original articles were searched through Pubmed, Cochrane Central database and Embase until December 2018.
242 articles were identified through database searching. After removing the duplicates, 198 articles were screened by reviewing the abstracts. 27 full text articles were assessed for eligibility and, after 7 exclusions, 20 articles were included in the review process. Studies selected by the review process concerned animal models. Histological, molecular, biochemical and electromyographical studies were evaluated. The results, with a high level of agreement in different animals, showed that the bite-raised condition is a source of stress, inducing increased plasma corticosterone, urinary cortisol and HPA axis alterations; it predisposes the organism to react to subsequent stressful stimulation with a significantly greater incretion of glucocorticoids, thus inducing hypersensitivity to novel forms of stress; it affects the structure of the hippocampus, reducing the number of neurons, increasing the number of glial cells and worsening memory and spatial orientation; it alters the electromyographical activity of masticatory muscles.
The results of research conducted on animal models do not necessarily apply directly to human beings. More clinical research, with special attention to adolescent patients, is necessary to clarify whether, in humans, the bite-raised condition is accompanied by adverse effects comparable to those observed in animals.
系统评价动物模型中广泛应用的咬合升高条件的影响。
对文献进行系统评价。通过 Pubmed、Cochrane 中央数据库和 Embase 搜索原始文章，检索时间截至 2018 年 12 月。
通过数据库搜索确定了 242 篇文章。去除重复项后，通过查看摘要筛选出 198 篇文章。对 27 篇全文文章进行了合格性评估，排除 7 篇后，20 篇文章纳入了综述过程。综述过程中选择的研究涉及动物模型。评估了组织学、分子、生化和肌电图研究。结果在不同动物中高度一致，表明咬合升高条件是一种应激源，导致血浆皮质酮、尿皮质醇和 HPA 轴改变增加；使机体对随后的应激刺激产生更大的糖皮质激素分泌反应，从而导致对新形式的应激产生超敏反应；影响海马体结构，减少神经元数量，增加神经胶质细胞数量，损害记忆和空间定向；改变咀嚼肌的肌电图活动。
在动物模型上进行的研究结果不一定直接适用于人类。需要更多的临床研究，特别关注青少年患者，以阐明在人类中，咬合升高条件是否伴有与动物观察到的类似的不良影响。
