Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphouët Boigny, BP 1313 Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire.
Independant Researcher and Private Consultant, A 96 Dun Laoghaire, Ireland.
Animal. 2020 Jan;14(1):206-214. doi: 10.1017/S175173111900185X. Epub 2019 Aug 15.
Guinea fowl production is increasing in developing countries and has a crucial role in the fight against poverty. However, the feed cost is very high, especially the soya bean meal cost, and farmers cannot afford to buy commercial feed. Consequently, animals do not receive feed adapted to their nutritional needs and they exhibit poor performance. The aim of this paper is to partially substitute soya bean meal by local by-products, discarded, in abundant supply and not used in human nutrition. French Galor guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) and local African guinea fowl (150 birds per breed) were reared for 16 weeks and fed the same starter diet for the initial 4 weeks. From 4 weeks of age, experimental birds from each breed were randomly assigned to three grower isoproteic and isolipidic dietary treatments, each containing five replications (floor pens); each replication included 10 birds of the same breed. The guinea fowl of each breed were fed either control grower diet using soya bean meal as the protein supplement GS, or trial grower diet GN (soya bean meal supplement partially substituted by 15% cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) meal) or trial grower diet GH (soya bean meal supplement partially substituted by 15% hevea seed (Hevea brasiliensis) meal). The results indicated that hevea seed meal contained a high content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (21.2% of total fatty acids (FAs)). The use of hevea seed meal in guinea fowl grower diet was found to exert no adverse effect on growth performance and carcass yield. However, the use of cashew nut meal led to negative effects on performance like daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Therefore, cashew nut meal cannot be considered as a suitable partial substitute for soya bean meal in diets. The use of hevea seed meal led to a very low abdominal fat proportion and low blood triglyceride and cholesterol content. Additionally, inclusion of dietary hevea seed meal resulted in guinea fowl meat enriched in PUFAs, especially n-3 FAs, thereby significantly improving the nutritional value.
珍珠鸡养殖在发展中国家不断增加，在脱贫方面发挥着关键作用。然而，饲料成本非常高，特别是豆粕成本，农民买不起商业饲料。因此，动物得不到适应其营养需求的饲料，表现不佳。本文的目的是部分用当地副产品替代豆粕，这些副产品是废弃的、大量供应的、不用于人类营养的。法国加鲁哇珍珠鸡（Numida meleagris）和本地非洲珍珠鸡（每个品种 150 只）饲养 16 周，前 4 周喂相同的起始饲料。从 4 周龄开始，每个品种的实验鸡随机分为 3 种生长鸡等蛋白和等脂饲料处理组，每组 5 个重复（地面围栏）；每个重复包括 10 只相同品种的鸡。每个品种的珍珠鸡都喂以使用豆粕作为蛋白质补充剂 GS 的对照生长鸡饲料，或试验生长鸡饲料 GN（豆粕补充剂部分用 15%腰果仁（Anacardium occidentale）粉替代）或试验生长鸡饲料 GH（豆粕补充剂部分用 15%橡胶籽（Hevea brasiliensis）粉替代）。结果表明，橡胶籽粉含有较高含量的 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）（总脂肪酸（FA）的 21.2%）。在生长鸡饲料中使用橡胶籽粉对生长性能和胴体产量没有不良影响。然而，使用腰果仁粉会对性能产生负面影响，如日增重和饲料转化率。因此，腰果仁粉不能被认为是饲料中豆粕的合适部分替代品。使用橡胶籽粉导致腹部脂肪比例非常低，血液甘油三酯和胆固醇含量低。此外，饲料中添加橡胶籽粉使珍珠鸡肉富含 PUFAs，特别是 n-3 FAs，从而显著提高了营养价值。
