Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (Northeast Forestry University), 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
Microbiol Res. 2019 Oct;227:126294. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126294. Epub 2019 Jun 19.
After exposure to with Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis, the expression of genes in Trichoderma asperellum were compared in four transcriptomes. The top 20 high expression genes included six heat shock proteins and three hydrophobins, indicating that Trichoderma can rapidly adapt to environment stresses and elicit a plant defense response. The genes, involved in the interaction between Trichoderma and plant, showed an increasing expression level, for example sugar transporters, EPL1s, endoxylanases, pectin lyases, and nitrilases. Interestingly, sugar transporters also showed high expression when T. asperellum was cultured on medium lacking a carbon substrate, which would contribute to T. asperellum's survival and domination in ecological niche competition. And the genes related to mycoparasitism were expressed abundantly following T. asperellum's interaction with PdPap, indicating the PdPap induction could enhance the mycoparasitic ability of T. asperellum. Twelve chitinases and five glucanases showed higher expression in transcriptome Cs, indicating that T. asperellum secretes both types of enzyme before interacting with pathogens, allowing T. asperellum to implement mycoparasitism and obtain more energy. Many novel transcripts were obtained in each transcriptome, which may play important roles in the biocontrol process of T. asperellum. Interestingly, T. asperellum undergo constitutive alternative splicing in the biocontrol process: Seven biocontrol genes were alternative spliced via intron retention. qRT-PCR analysis proved that intron retention is negatively associated with the expression of chitinase, oligopeptide transporters, and beta-lactamase. However, the percentage of MAPK intron retention was quite low, suggesting that intron retention has little effect on the function of MAPK.
在接触到毛白杨杂种后，比较了 4 个转录组中天蓝刺芹内生真菌中基因的表达。前 20 个高表达基因包括 6 个热休克蛋白和 3 个疏水性蛋白，表明天蓝刺芹内生真菌可以迅速适应环境压力并引发植物防御反应。参与天蓝刺芹内生真菌与植物相互作用的基因表达水平逐渐升高，例如糖转运蛋白、EPL1s、内切木聚糖酶、果胶裂解酶和腈水解酶。有趣的是，当天蓝刺芹内生真菌在缺乏碳源的培养基上培养时，糖转运蛋白也表现出高表达，这有助于天蓝刺芹内生真菌在生态位竞争中生存和占据优势。与真菌捕食相关的基因在天蓝刺芹内生真菌与 PdPap 相互作用后大量表达，表明 PdPap 诱导可以增强天蓝刺芹内生真菌的真菌捕食能力。12 个几丁质酶和 5 个葡聚糖酶在转录组 Cs 中表达较高，表明天蓝刺芹内生真菌在与病原体相互作用之前会分泌这两种酶，使天蓝刺芹内生真菌能够实施真菌捕食并获得更多能量。在每个转录组中都获得了许多新的转录本，它们可能在天蓝刺芹内生真菌的生物防治过程中发挥重要作用。有趣的是，天蓝刺芹内生真菌在生物防治过程中经历组成型选择性剪接：7 个生物防治基因通过内含子保留进行选择性剪接。qRT-PCR 分析证明，内含子保留与几丁质酶、寡肽转运蛋白和β-内酰胺酶的表达呈负相关。然而，MAPK 内含子保留的百分比相当低，表明内含子保留对 MAPK 的功能影响很小。
