Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC). C. Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain.
Food Microbiol. 2019 Dec;84:103266. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103266. Epub 2019 Jul 10.
Postharvest fungal diseases are among the main causes of fresh fruit losses. Chemical control is against claims for "natural" or "chemical-free" products. Biocontrol agents, such as antifungal proteins or their producing moulds, may serve to combat unwanted pathogens. Since the effectiveness of these bioprotective agents depends on the food substrate, their effect must be tested on fruits. The objective of this work was to study the effect of the antifungal protein PgAFP and its producer, Penicillium chrysogenum, against Penicillium expansum and Penicillium digitatum growth on apple and oranges respectively, and the PgAFP effect on eleven P. expansum, Penicillium italicum, and P. digitatum strains in vitro, and on patulin production on apple substrate. The sensitivity upon PgAFP was P. digitatum > P. expansum > P. italicum. In oranges, broadly, no inhibitory effect was obtained. PgAFP and P. chrysogenum did not inhibit the P. expansum CMP-1 growth on Golden Delicious apples, however, a successful effect was achieved on Royal Gala apples. On apple substrate, patulin production by P. expansum CMP-1 rose in parallel to PgAFP concentrations, linked with high reactive oxygen species levels. PgAFP cannot be proposed as a bioprotective agent on apple. However, P. chrysogenum is a promising agent to be used on Royal Gala apples.
采后真菌病害是导致新鲜水果损失的主要原因之一。化学防治方法与“天然”或“无化学物质”产品的说法相悖。生物防治剂，如抗真菌蛋白或其产生的霉菌，可用于对抗不需要的病原体。由于这些生物保护剂的有效性取决于食物基质，因此必须在水果上进行测试。这项工作的目的是研究抗真菌蛋白 PgAFP 及其产生菌青霉 chrysogenum 对苹果上扩展青霉和青霉 digitatum 以及对橙子上扩展青霉和青霉 digitatum 的生长的影响，以及 PgAFP 对 11 株扩展青霉、意大利青霉和青霉 digitatum 菌株的体外生长和苹果基质中展青霉素产生的影响。对 PgAFP 的敏感性为青霉 digitatum > 扩展青霉 > 意大利青霉。在橙子上，基本上没有得到抑制作用。PgAFP 和青霉 chrysogenum 并没有抑制扩展青霉 CMP-1 在金冠苹果上的生长，但在皇家嘎拉苹果上取得了成功的效果。在苹果基质上，扩展青霉 CMP-1 产生的展青霉素与 PgAFP 浓度平行增加，与高水平的活性氧物质有关。PgAFP 不能作为苹果的生物保护剂。然而，青霉 chrysogenum 是一种很有前途的在皇家嘎拉苹果上使用的制剂。
