Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
Trends Genet. 2019 Nov;35(11):791-803. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.07.005. Epub 2019 Aug 14.
The advent of affordable, large-scale DNA sequencing methods, coupled with advanced computing power, is empowering a detailed analysis of the structure and function of chromosomes. Genomic instability, involving chromosome number and structure changes, has been documented in multiple systems. In plants, haploid induction through genome elimination has recently been connected mechanistically to the formation of complex chromosome reorganizations, known collectively as chromoanagenesis. These abnormalities can be triggered by altering the specialized centromeric histone 3, the epigenetic determinant of centromeres, which leads to loss of centromere function and chromosome missegregation. Other historical and recent instances of genomic instability, at the same time, suggest multiple causes. Their study provides a unique opportunity for a synthesis encompassing genome evolution, its response to stress, as well as the possibility of recruiting the connected mechanisms for genome engineering-based plant breeding.
随着经济实惠、大规模 DNA 测序方法的出现，再加上先进的计算能力，使得对染色体的结构和功能进行详细分析成为可能。基因组不稳定性涉及染色体数量和结构的变化，在多个系统中都有记录。在植物中，通过基因组消除诱导的单倍体，最近在机制上与复杂染色体重排的形成联系起来，这些重排统称为染色质发生。这些异常可以通过改变专门的着丝粒组蛋白 3 来触发，着丝粒组蛋白 3 是着丝粒的表观遗传决定因素，它会导致着丝粒功能丧失和染色体错误分离。与此同时，其他历史和最近的基因组不稳定性实例表明存在多种原因。对它们的研究为综合研究提供了一个独特的机会，包括基因组进化、对压力的反应，以及为基于基因组工程的植物育种招募相关机制的可能性。
