Gillett N A, Muggenburg B A, Mewhinney J A, Hahn F F, Seiler F A, Boecker B B, McClellan R O
Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185.
Am J Pathol. 1988 Nov;133(2):265-76.
Primary liver tumors developed in Beagle dogs exposed by inhalation to aerosols of 238PuO2. Initial deposition of 238PuO2 in the respiratory tract was followed by translocation of a portion of the 238Pu to the liver and skeleton, which resulted in a large dose commitment and tumor risk to all three tissues. In a population of 144 dogs exposed to 238PuO2, 112 dogs died or were killed 4000 days after 238Pu exposure, 100 dogs had osteosarcoma, and 28 dogs had lung cancers. At increasing times after exposure, however, liver lesions have become more pronounced. Ten primary liver tumors in nine animals were diagnosed in the dogs dying before 4000 days after exposure. An additional five primary liver tumors in three dogs occurred in 9 animals killed after 4000 days after exposure. The majority of these tumors have been fibrosarcomas. The liver tumors were usually not the cause of death, and rarely metastasized. The occurrence of liver tumors in this study indicates that 238Pu is an effective hepatic carcinogen. Liver carcinogenesis is assuming an increasing importance in this study at late times after inhalation exposure. These results suggest that the liver may be an important organ at risk for the development of neoplasia in humans at time periods long after inhalation of 238Pu.
吸入238PuO2气溶胶的比格犬发生了原发性肝肿瘤。238PuO2最初沉积在呼吸道，随后一部分238Pu转移到肝脏和骨骼，这导致对所有这三个组织都有很大的剂量负担和肿瘤风险。在144只暴露于238PuO2的犬中，112只犬在238Pu暴露后4000天死亡或被处死，100只犬患有骨肉瘤，28只犬患有肺癌。然而，在暴露后的时间增加时，肝脏病变变得更加明显。在暴露后4000天之前死亡的犬中，在9只动物身上诊断出9只动物患有10个原发性肝肿瘤。在暴露后4000天之后处死的9只动物中的3只犬身上又出现了另外5个原发性肝肿瘤。这些肿瘤大多数是纤维肉瘤。肝肿瘤通常不是死亡原因，很少发生转移。本研究中肝肿瘤的发生表明238Pu是一种有效的肝致癌物。在吸入暴露后的后期，肝致癌作用在本研究中变得越来越重要。这些结果表明，在吸入238Pu很长时间后，肝脏可能是人类发生肿瘤的一个重要风险器官。
